中医是“道器合一”之学

Traditional Chinese medicine is the combination of Tao and device

《黄帝内经》是一部"道器并重"之书,其后中医的发展受封建统治制度和汉朝统治者推行的"罢黜百家,独尊儒术"的影响,从汉至清走上了一条"重道轻器"为主之路,表现出"重功能轻结构""重神轻形""重用轻体"的价值取向;西学东渐后,以《医林改错》为代表到至今却是在以"寻器证道"为主,走上了以"结构验证功能",物质证明对错之路。中医的发展之路偏离了"道器合一"的方向。中医认为气是生命的本原,是构成生命的基本物质,人的形体和人的思想精神都是气的产物。文章从结构与功能的统一,形神相俱,体与用的合一3个方面论述了中医是"道器合一"之学,是关于"和"的医学。中医的研究应该在"道器合一"的基础上,从多角度、多方位、深层次进行,中医学才能得到真正的继承与创新、发展和壮大。

Huangdi Neijing initially emphasized both of Tao and device. But, TCM was embarking on a road of ‘valuing Tao more than device' due to the influence of the feudal rule and the confucianism monopoly implemented in Han Dynasty, which performed the axiology that included the ‘valuing function more than structure', ‘valuing spirit more than body' and ‘valuing function more than substantial'. With the trend of western learning spread to the east, the thought of ‘searching device to prove Tao' was paid much more attention from the Yilin Gaicuo, a representative book written in Qing Dynasty, until now, resulting in embarking on a ‘structure proved function' and ‘material proved right or wrong' road. Consequently, the development of TCM was deviating from the direction of ‘combination of Tao and device'. TCM always advocated that Qi was the origin and the basic material of life. Therefore, the body and the spirit were the products of Qi. In this paper, we discussed the problem from 3 aspects including the unity of structure and function, the coexistence of body and spirit, and the combination of substantial and function. It revealed that TCM was the combination of Tao and device. It also exhibited that the TCM was a harmonizing medicine. It was suggested that TCM researches should base on the ‘combination of Tao and device' from various angles and deep level. Only in this way could TCM be truly inherited, innovated, developed and expanded.