脾脏实体之中西文化认知考辨(三)——清至民国时期“脾脏”实体的认知迁流及其思考

Recognition and textual research on namenon of spleen of Chinese and western culture(Ⅲ):Thinking and cognitive change on anatomy of Pi from Qing dynasty to the period of the Republic of China

文章通过对清朝至民国时期医书中描述脾的文献分析得出:《黄帝内经》《难经》脾脏实体认知的观点得到了此时期众多医家及清朝官方医学的认可,尤其在西学东渐之后,关于《黄帝内经》《难经》观点的医家论述尤渐清晰,因此,从历史上看,中医"脾"解剖实体所指的核心不离现代医学的"胰腺"。而非现代医学的"脾脏"。然而由于一些历史原因,中医"脾"的翻译与这个核心相背离。现今中医学界有必要对中医"脾"的翻译或解释进行商讨以形成共识。

This paper analyzed the literatures about Pi from Qing dynasty to the period of the republic of China and drew a conclusion as follows:the viewpoints of Pi anatomy in Nanjing and Huangdi Neijing were accepted by many physicians in this time and official medical of Qing dynasty;after the western learning introduced into China,the physicians' discussion on the viewpoints in Huangdi Neijing and Nanjing gradually clear;therefore,from a history point of view,the anatomy of spleen in Chinese medicine depends on pancreas of modern medicine rather than the spleen of modern medicine.However,due to some historical reasons,the translation of spleen in Chinese medicine was departed from the core.Nowadays,it is necessary to discuss on the translation and interpretation of 'spleen' to reach a consensus in the TCM field.