毒性药材苍耳子的中医药古籍挖掘研究

Study of Fructus Xanthii based on ancient traditional Chinese medicine literatures

苍耳子为菊科植物苍耳Xanthium sibiricum Patr.的干燥成熟带总苞果实,药用记载首见于《神农本草经》,为鼻科常用药,药用历史悠久,历代古籍多记载其为"有小毒",《中华人民共和国药典》(2015年版)将其归为"有毒"药材。近年来,随着对苍耳子毒性认识与现代研究的逐步深入,苍耳子的安全用药被广泛关注。文章通过历代古籍挖掘的方法,从苍耳子药名考证、性味归经、功效主治等一般情况以及毒性、炮制、使用禁忌等安全性方面梳理历代本草对苍耳子的记载,以期为进一步对其开展安全性研究与评价提供参考,从而更好地保障患者用药的疗效与安全。

Fructus Xanthii was the dried ripe fruit with involucre of Xanthium sibiricum Patr. Its official records were first discovered in Shengnong Bencao Jing. It was commonly used in rhinology diseases with a long history. Many ancient books recorded it as ‘small poison', and the current edition of the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China classified it as ‘poisonous' herbs. In recent years, with the further understanding of the toxicity of Fructus Xanthii and modern research, the safe of Fructus Xanthii was widely concerned. In this paper, it was summarized the textual research of the name, the nature and flavor, the efficacy and indications, the toxicity, the processing and the taboo of Fructus Xanthiiby mining ancient books in order to provide a reference for the further safety studies and guarantee the efficacy and safety for patients.