本草医籍视野下的华南地区茶论

Herbal medical books of tea in south China

在历代本草医籍中,医家对各地入药茶品有着自己的分析和见解。综合各家的意见,普遍认为武夷茶、蒙顶茶、紫笋茶、虎丘茶、松萝茶、普洱茶、六安茶、龙井茶、日铸茶等入药最好,但现实中的名茶产量不多,更何况还需上贡朝廷,因此可供医家入药的茶叶都是百姓周边生产的茶叶。在我国,华南地区(文章仅指两广和福建地区)亦盛产茶叶,名茶众多,茶类多样,有不发酵的绿茶,有轻微发酵的白茶,有半发酵的青茶,还有全发酵的红茶和黑茶,不仅供日常饮用,亦适合入药。文章通过历代本草医籍等文献中对华南地区茶叶的记载,对入药茶品的产地、制法、药性、功效,以及茶品的地理分布做一个全面的论述和分析。

In the generation herbal medical books, physicians had their own views on the analysis and understanding of the medicine teas. Summarizing the generation of physicians' opinions, it was considered that the Wuyi tea, the Mengding tea, the Zisun tea, the Huqiu tea, the Songluo tea, the Puer tra, the Luan tea, the Longjing tea and the Rizhu tea were the best medicine teas according to the comprehensive opinions of different physicians. The famous teas above were not very productive. Meanwhile, the famous tea were not only as tribute to the emperor, but also provided for high officials and noble lords. Therefore, the tea which could be used as medicine by the doctors was produced by the people. Tea production was very abundant in south China(this article limited the area in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian provinces), including many famous tea and different kinds of tea. There were fermented green tea, slightly-fermented white tea, half fermented oolong tea, and fully fermented black tea and red tea, which were not only popular for daily consumption, but suitable for medicine. It was discussed and analyzed the tea products about origin, tea-making ways, drug properties, efficacy, and the geographical distribution of tea comprehensively according to the records about tea of south China in documents of generations of herbal medical books etc.