升麻方药考略

Evolvement of efficacy of Cimicifugae Rhizoma

从《神农本草经》到《中华人民共和国药典》,升麻功效由"解百毒"发展为"发表透疹,清热解毒,升举阳气"。医籍流传,途径多歧,历代医家,各鸣一得。考证历代古籍中升麻之文献,发现在唐宋以前,升麻功效主要为清热解毒,自金代张元素起,始现升麻"升举阳气"之说,至李东垣《脾胃论》,将"升举阳气"之功发挥的淋漓尽致,而"清热解毒"之效渐被遗忘。清代,温病学派过分夸大升麻之升提作用,将其视为"斑疹""咽痛"的禁忌药物。近现代医家通过临床研究,总结了升麻功效与剂量的关系,并通过方剂配伍扩展其应用范围,提高了临床疗效。

The efficacy of Cimicifugae Rhizoma is changed from ‘detoxification’ in Shennong Bencao Jing to ‘help with a rash coming out, heat-clearing, detoxifying and raising yang qi’ in Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. Different doctors have different opinions about this. The discovery of textual research is that the efficacy of Cimicifugae Rhizoma is mainly heat-clearing and detoxifying before Song dynasty. ZHANG Yuan-su is the first person who use Cimicifugae Rhizoma to raise yang qi. And LI Dongyuan made full use of its efficacy of raising yang qi in Piwei Lun. The efficacy heat-clearing and detoxifying had been forgotten. School of seasonal febrile disease exaggerated the efficacyraising yang qi of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and thought it couldn’t be used in treating macula and sore throat. Doctors summarize the connection between the efficacy and the dose of Cimicifugae Rhizoma based on clinical research, expand the application range by prescription, and improve the clinical effect recently.