俄罗斯20年来中小学技术课程改革历程与思考

Process of Russian Reform in Technology Curricula at Elementary and Secondary Schools in the Past 20 Years and Relative Reflection

苏联的中小学技术教育历史悠久,体系完备,理念独特。苏联解体后,俄罗斯从1993年起启动了技术课程改革,对课程名称、课程目标、课程结构、课程内容等方面进行了一系列的深刻变革,其改革历程发展大体上经历了四个阶段。俄罗斯中小学技术课程在纳入教育现代化体系的战略定位、技术素养与人的全面发展的目标指向、1-11年级的一体化建构、教育民主化与课程规范化、文化传统继承与改革创新的有机结合,以及课程改革任务实现的政策支持等方面的成功经验,对我国具有一定的借鉴意义。

The technology education at elementary and secondary schools in the former Soviet Union enjoyed a long history with a complete system and unique concepts. Russia started to reform its technology education in 1993 and made a series of profound transformation in curriculum names, objectives, structure and contents. The reform has undergone a general course of four stages. Technology curricula at Russian elementary and secondary schools offer us certain references in terms of their incorporation into the strategic positioning of the modern edu- cational system, objective orientation of technology literacy and people＇s all-round development, integrated construction from Grade 1 to 11, educational democratization and curriculum standardization, close combination of cultural inherence and creation and innovation, as well as policies supporting for the curriculum reform.