济源某铅锌产业区土壤重金属空间变异特征及污染评价

Spatial Variability and Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Soil in a Lead and Zinc Industry District in Jiyuan

为研究铅锌产业区土壤重金属污染特征,以济源市柿滨村铅锌产业区土壤为研究对象,采用单因子污染指数评价、模糊综合评价、聚类分析、Kriging局部内插值等理论和方法,分析了土壤中Cd、As、Pb、Hg、Cu、Cr、Zn、Ni的污染程度及Cd、As、Pb 3种主要重金属污染物的空间变异特征。结果表明：Cd、As、Pb均有不同程度的超标,以Cd超标率最高,模糊数学综合评价法评价结果为三级;各种重金属元素间均存在一定的相关性;垂直方向上,Cd、As、Pb均集中分布在土壤表层（0-20 cm）,由表层至深层其质量分数逐渐降低;水平方向上,Cd、Pb和As的质量分数均呈现由厂区向周边逐渐降低的趋势,扩散速度受周边地势影响明显。

To reveal the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in the soil in a lead and zinc industry district,taking the soil in the lead and zinc industry district in Shibin Village in Jiyuan City as a research object,the contents of Cd,As,Pb,Hg,Cu,Cr,Zn and Ni were analyzed and the distributions of three main pollution elements of Cd,As and Pb were explored using single-factor index,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,cluster analysis and Kriging interpolation method. The results show： the contents of three main pollution elements of Cd,As and Pb all exceed the environmental quality standard for soil,and the content of Cd has the highest rate exceeding the standard,the results from fuzzy comprehensive evaluation have three levels; the relativity is existed among metal elements,three main pollution elements of Cd,As,Pb all concentrate mainly in topsoil（ 0 - 20 cm） in vertical directions,and the contents gradually reduce as the depth increasing; three main pollution elements of Cd,As,Pb all gradually reduce from the center of the industry district to the surrounding areas in horizontal directions,and the horizontal distributions of three main pollution elements are significantly affected by surrounding terrain conditions.