云南松不同种源1年生播种苗木生长节律分析

Growth Rhythm Analysis on Annual Planting Seedlings of Pinus yunnanensis from Different Provenances

在西南林业大学苗圃地对云南松主分布区范围内7个种源的苗木地径、苗高生长量进行定期观测,采用Logistic方程对各种源苗木的生长进程拟合,分析不同种源1年生苗木的生长节律。结果表明：地径、苗高生长均呈现“慢—快—慢”的生长节律,符合“S”型生长曲线,且拟合准确度较高;根据拟合后的方程,获得物候参数,将地径、苗高1年生长划分为生长前期、速生期和生长后期3个阶段。地径和苗高在不同生长阶段开始、结束和持续的时间上具有差异,存在异速生长现象,苗高较地径更早进入速生期;地径生长持续时间和日均生长量在生长前期、速生期、生长后期分别为82~111、81~108、6~62 d,0.003~0.008、0.011~0.027、0.004~0.017 mm;苗高分别为33~61、60~86、80~133 d,0.115~0.197、0.231~0.475、0.044~0.163 mm。速生期所占时间虽然短,但生长量所占比例却最大,地径、苗高速生期生长占年生长期的1/3,而生长量达到年生长量的57%以上,其中地径速生期日均生长量是其他2个阶段的1.3~3.6倍,苗高速生期日均生长量是其他2个阶段的2.0~6.1倍。实测地径、苗高的生长和理论生长极值k拟合度好,相关系数分别为0.703 1和0.998 9,地径、苗高在速生期的生长量与Logisic方程线性回归相关性较高,相关系数分别为0.999 9和0.999 9。说明云南松不同种源的生长符合“S”生长曲线,且用Logistic方程指导云南松苗木培育具有科学意义。

The ground diameter and the seeding height of Pinus yunnanensis from seven provenances of main distribution area were observed in the nursery of Southwest Forestry University. The growing rhythm of annual seedling from different provenances was analyzed by fitting the growth process of seedlings from different provenances with the Logistic equation. The result showed that the growing of the ground diameter and the seedling height both presented the rhythm in slow-fast-slow, which accorded with the ＂S＂ growing curve and represented the high accuracy of fitting. The growth processes of the ground diameter and the seedling height of annual seedlings were divided into the pro- phase of growing, the fast-growing phase and the growing anaphase based on the phenological parameter gained from fitted equation. Ground diameter and seedling height in different growing phases of starting, ending and the continu- ance were varied. The ground diameter and the seedling height existed the phenomenon of different-speed growing, the growth of seedling height started the fast-growing phase earlier than that of the ground diameter. The ground diameter, growth continuance and daily growth in the prophase of growing, the fast-growing phase and the growing ana- phase were 82-111 days, 81-108 days and 6-62 days, 0. 003-0. 008 mm, 0. 011-0. 027 mm and 0. 004-0. 017 ram, respectively, the seedling height were 33-61 days, 60-86 days, 80-133 days, 0. 115-0. 197 ram, 0. 231-0. 475 ram, 0. 44-0. 163 mm, respectively. The fast-growing phase was short, but the proportion of increment was the largest. The ground diameter and fast-growing phase accounted for 1/3 of the annual growing phase, and the increment accounted for more than 57% of the annual growth. The daily growth of the ground diameter during the fast-growing phase was 1.3-3. 6 times of that in other phases. The daily growth of the seedling height during the fast-growing phase was 2. 0-6. 1 times of that in other two phases. According to the measurement, the growth of the ground diameter and the seedling height fitted the growing and theoretical growing extreme value k. The related coefficients were 0. 703 1 and 0. 998 9, respectively. The increment of the ground diameter and seedling growth in the fast-growing phase was highly related with the Logisic linear regression. The related coefficient was 0. 999 9 and 0. 999 9, respectively. The result showed that the growth in different provenances of Pinus yunnanensis accorded with the ＂S＂ growing curve, and it has scientific significance in seedling cultivation of Pinus yunnanensis under the direction of the Logistic equation.