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超重及肥胖患者的饮食及人体成分 被引量:4

Diet and body composition of overweight and obese patients
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摘要 目的:分析北京医院减重门诊患者的饮食习惯、能量摄入及消耗、人体测量、人体成分的基本情况。方法前瞻性选取2014年11月至2015年8月在北京医院内分泌营养减重联合门诊就诊的体质量指数( BMI)≥24 kg/m2的患者89例,平均年龄(45.8±16.4)岁,其中男性35例,女性54例,分为糖尿病组( n=35)和非糖尿病组( n=54),比较2组患者的饮食习惯、能量摄入及消耗、人体测量以及人体成分的基本情况。结果无论是否患有糖尿病,超重及肥胖患者( BMI≥24 kg/m2)的进餐速度都偏快,多在10 min内用餐完毕,偏爱中餐和肉食,不喜欢热食。非糖尿病组超重及肥胖患者的餐馆用餐频次(3~5次/周)高于糖尿病组(1~2次/周)。与糖尿病组比较,非糖尿病组超重及肥胖患者的脂肪供能比[(34.9±7.6)%比(30.8±5.9)%]更高,碳水化合物摄入量[(232.2±59.7) g 比(283.6±89.5) g]、碳水化合物供能比[(47.9±8.3)%比(53.4±7.1)%]、静息代谢率/体质量比值[(66.9±9.6) kJ/(d? kg)比(71.1±7.9) kJ/(d? kg)]较低(均P<0.05),而两组间总能量、蛋白质、优质蛋白质、脂肪摄入量,蛋白质供能比以及静息代谢率比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。患者平均BMI (32.8±4.4) kg/m2,最高达53.5 kg/m2。与糖尿病组比较,非糖尿病组超重及肥胖患者的臀围[(117.15±9.9) cm比(111.1±8.2) cm]、上臂围[(36.4±3.8) cm比(34.0±3.3) cm]、三头肌皮褶厚度[(36.1±8.9) mm比(31.6±8.8) mm]较大(均P<0.05),年龄偏小[(41.7±16.9)岁比(52.9±13.1)岁, P=0.001],而两组间体质量、 BMI、腰围、颈围、双手握力比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。非糖尿病组超重及肥胖患者的体质量[(94.8±18.3) kg 比(86.9±17.2) kg ]、体脂肪[(39.7±11.3) kg 比(33.5±8.9) kg]、体脂百分比[(41.7±6.5)%比(38.5±6.7)%]、内脏脂肪面积[(145.3±24.8) cm2比(130.7±27.5) cm2]均高于糖尿病组(均P<0.05),而BMI及骨骼肌重量比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论与糖尿病组患者比较,超重及肥胖的非糖尿病患者年龄偏小,饮食习惯更差,体脂肪、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积更大。 Objective To analyze the dietary habits, energy intake and expenditure, anthropometrics, and body composition of the outpatients visiting the weight loss clinic of Beijing Hospital.Methods We pro-spectively enrolled 89 consecutive patients with body mass index ( BMI) ≥24 kg/m2 from November 2014 to August 2015 in the weight loss clinic of Beijing Hospital.There were 35 male and 54 female, with the mean age of (45.8 ±16.4) years.We divided them into two groups:the diabetes group (n=35) and the non-diabetes group (n=54), and compared the dietary habits, energy intake and expenditure, anthropometrics and body composition between the two groups.Results Regardless of diabetes, the overweight and obese patients all ate fast, mostly finishing a meal in about 10 minutes.They preferred Chinese food and meat, and disliked hot food.The frequency of dinning out in the non-diabetes group (3-5 times per week) was higher than that in the diabetes group (1-2 times per week) .Compared with the diabetes group, the non-diabetes group had higher fat-to-energy ratio [(34.9 ±7.6)%vs.(30.8 ±5.9)%], but lower carbohydrate intake [(232.2 ±59.7) g vs.(283.6 ±89.5) g], carbohydrate-to-energy ratio [ (47.9 ±8.3)%vs.(53.4 ±7.1)%], and the ratio of resting metabolic rate to body weight [ (66.9 ±9.6) kJ/(d? kg) vs.(71.1 ±7.9) kJ/(d? kg)] (all P〈0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in total energy intake, pro-tein intake, high quality protein intake, fat intake, protein-to-energy ratio, and resting metabolic rate (all P〉0.05).Anthropometrics showed that the mean BMI of the patients was (32.8 ±4.4) kg/m2, with the maxi-mum being 53.5 kg/m2.The hip circumference [ (117.15 ±9.9) cm vs.(111.1 ±8.2) cm], upper arm circumference [ (36.4 ±3.8) cm vs.(34.0 ±3.3) cm], and triceps skinfold thickness [ (36.1 ±8.9) mm vs.(31.6 ±8.8) mm] were larger in the non-diabetes group than in the diabetes group (all P〈0.05), but the mean age was lower in the non-diabetes group [ (41.7 ±16.9) years vs.(52.9 ±13.1) years) (P=0.01).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, neck circumference, and bilateral hand grip strength (all P〉0.05).According to body compo-sition analysis, the body weight [ (94.8 ±18.3) kg vs.(86.9 ±17.2) kg], body fat mass [ (39.7 ± 11.3) kg vs.(33.5 ±8.9) kg], body fat percentage [ (41.7 ±6.5)%vs.(38.5 ±6.7)%], and visceral fat area [ (145.3 ±24.8) cm2 vs.(130.7 ±27.5) cm2 ] were larger in the non-diabetes group than in the di-abetes group ( all P〈0.05) .There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in BMI and skeletal muscle mass (both P〉0.05).Conclusion Compared with diabetes patients, overweight and obese non-diabetes patients may be younger, having worse dietary habits, and having larger body fat mass, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area.
出处 《中华临床营养杂志》 CAS CSCD 2016年第2期96-100,共5页 Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition
关键词 超重 肥胖 饮食习惯 能量摄入及消耗 人体测量 人体成分 Overweight Obesity Dietary habits Energy intake and expenditure Anthropometrics Body composition
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参考文献7

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