妊娠期膳食与妊娠期高血压疾病的关系

Association between diet during pregnancy and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy

目的：探讨妊娠期膳食与妊娠期高血压疾病（ HDCP）的关系，为妊娠期合理膳食提供理论依据。方法采用1∶2匹配病例对照研究方法，选取2014年1月至12月在合肥市妇幼保健院住院分娩的孕妇进行食物频率问卷调查，分析各类食物摄入频率与HDCP的关系。结果共纳入研究对象543例，其中病例组181例，对照组362例。 Mann－Whitney U检验结果显示，病例组和对照组畜禽鱼肉类、蛋类、豆类、干果类、奶类和腌菜泡菜类食物的食用频率不相同，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0．05）；两组粮谷类、蔬菜类、水果类食物的食用频率比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，豆类（OR＝0．746，95％ CI：0．645～0．862）、蛋类（OR＝0．789，95％ CI：0．693～0．898）、奶类（OR＝0．822，95％CI：0．725～0．931）食物摄入频次越多，发生HDCP的风险越小；腌菜泡菜类（OR＝1．190，95％CI：1．054～1．344）食物摄入频次越多，发生HDCP的风险越大。结论豆类、蛋类、奶类食物是HDCP的保护因素，腌菜泡菜类是HDCP的危险因素，妊娠期膳食应科学合理。

Objective To investigate the association between diet during pregnancy and hypertensive dis-order complicating pregnancy （ HDCP ） , so as to provide a theoretical basis guiding appropriate diet during pregnancy.Methods Using 1∶2 matched case-control study method, we selected pregnant women delivered in Anhui Women and Child Health Care Hospital from January to December 2014, and interviewed them with food frequency questionnaire.The relationship between intake frequency of various food and HDCP was analyzed. Results A total of 543 women were included in this study, including 181 cases and 362 controls.Mann-Whit-ney U test results showed that the frequencies of meat and fish, eggs, beans, nuts, milk, and pickled food con-sumption were significantly different between the cases and the controls （all P〈0.05）;while the differences in cereals, vegetables, and fruits consumption frequency between cases and controls were not statistically signifi-cant （all P〉0.05）.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher intake frequencies of beans （OR=0.746, 95%CI：0.645-0.862）, eggs （OR=0.789, 95%CI：0.693-0.898）, and milk （OR=0.822, 95% CI：0.725-0.931） were associated with lower risk of HDCP; in contrast, higher intake fre-quency of pickled food was associated with higher risk of HDCP （OR=1.190, 95% CI：1.054-1.344）. Conclusions Beans, eggs, and milk may be protective factors for HDCP, while pickled food may be risk fac-tor of HDCP.Diet during pregnancy should be appropriate and following scientific guidelines.