甘蔗-滇蔗茅杂交F_1花粉母细胞减数分裂过程GISH分析

Analysis of the Meiosis of Pollen Mother Cells in Saccharum officinarum × Erianthus Rockii F_1 Hybrids by GISH

研究甘蔗属与滇蔗茅属间远缘杂交F1染色体遗传行为具有重要科学意义,可为发掘利用滇蔗茅野生优异基因资源提供细胞学依据。本研究采用常规压片技术对可育父本及不育杂交F1花粉母细胞减数分裂过程进行比较观察,结果显示可育父本云南95-19减数分裂正常,而不育杂交F1分裂异常;进一步对F1花粉母细胞减数分裂过程进行基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH,genome in situ hybridization)分析,结果表明:滇蔗茅与甘蔗属热带种的亲缘关系较远,双亲染色体在F1细胞中不能进行同源配对,终变期,15条滇蔗茅染色体以单价体形式存在,花粉母细胞减数分裂细胞中存在滞后染色体、染色体丢失和不均衡分离现象。甘蔗-滇蔗茅属间远缘杂交F1花粉母细胞减数分裂异常因而杂交F1花粉完全败育。

It is significant for understanding the chromosome genetic behaviors of Saccharum officinarum ×Erianthus rockii F_1 hybrids,because it can provide cytology evidence for utilization of the wild Erianthus rockii resource. In this study,the processes of meiotic division of pollen mother cells were compared between male fertile plant and F_1 hybrids sterile ones by using squash technique,the result showed that the meiosis of the male fertile plant yunnan95-19 was normal,but there were some abnormal in F_1 hybrids sterile plants. The further research was analyzed the meiosis of F_1 hybrids by the GISH technology,and the result indicated that Erianthus rockii had a large genetic distance from Saccharum officinarum genus,because these two genera chromosomes in F_1 hybrids could not pairing in meiosis,at diakinesis stage,we detected 15 chromosomes derived from Erianthus rockii formed 15 univalent respectively,furthermore,the meiosis of pollen mother cells were observed with lagging chromosomes,elimination chromosomes and disequilibrium separated chromosomes,the abnormal division we observed in this study may illustrate why the pollen was abortive completely in Saccharum officinarum × Erianthus rockii F_1 hybrids.