教会大学:五四时期学生运动中的“边缘空间”——以上海圣约翰大学为例

Christian University: "A Marginal Part" of the Student Movement during the "May Fourth Movement" :Taking St. John's University in Shanghai as an Example

1919年"五四事件"爆发,作为教会学校的上海圣约翰大学也在同时期发生了以附中学生集体出校为开端的一系列学生爱国运动。圣约翰大学由美国圣公会创建、数十年未在华立案的学校背景使得校方在面对中国政治、社会运动时持有天然的退避与中立态度。而在具体学运过程中,学校处境的特殊性却给予了这一学运"边缘地带"以丰富的历史可能性,学生对于学校管理体制的挑战、学校被动停课之举措、校长及教师群体对于中国学运方向的"迂回"指导等面向的发掘,在相当程度上补足了研究教会学校时单一民族主义视角所可能遗漏的意义空间;而对学生运动过程中各方面力量纠葛的原景式呈现,也为理解五四运动这一"不定之物"提供了新的通路。

In 1919,the May Fourth Movement erupted in China. At the same time, several student movements happened in St.John＇ s University in Shanghai. Founded in 1879 by the Episcopal Church（United States） and having not become registered in China for decades,St.John＇s University was used to take a neutral attitude when facing China＇s political movements. During the student movements at that time, the particularity of such a Christian university had given itself the marginal part of the May Fourth Movement, abundant opportunities to encounter with the history of China. Students＇ against the university＇s management,the class suspension decision made by school, or the headmaster and teachers＇ understanding of the long way of Chinese student movements, all of the above showed different meanings which are much more than the only national perspective. Furthermore,the reconstruction of the past may also provide further understanding of the May Fourth Movement.