3-6岁幼儿本体感觉能力和粗大动作发展水平的特征及相关性研究

A study of the characteristics of and correlation between proprioception ability and gross motor development level of children aged 3 to 6

采用X-SENS三维关节位置觉测量系统测试幼儿的膝关节本体感觉能力,采用粗大动作发展测试（TGMD-2）对受试者进行移动性动作和操作性动作测试,评估幼儿粗大动作发展水平。比较不同年龄幼儿本体感觉能力、粗大动作发展水平特点,并探讨二者的相关性。结果发现：（1）幼儿本体感觉能力存在显著的年龄差异,随着年龄的增加,幼儿本体感觉能力不断提高,3-6岁是本体感觉能力迅速发展的时期;（2）3-6岁是幼儿动作发展的关键时期,粗大动作发展水平存在显著的年龄差异。随着年龄增加,幼儿粗大动作发展水平不断提高,但尚未出现显著的性别差异;（3）幼儿的本体感觉能力与粗大动作发展水平之间有非常显著的正相关关系,幼儿的本体感觉越好,其粗大动作发展水平越高,而与幼儿身体质量指数之间没有显著的相关关系。人类动作的学习与发展离不开本体感觉,人们应该为幼儿提供更多的运动机会,让其在运动中体会丰富的本体感觉,学习多样的运动模式,获取全面的动作参数,从而帮助他们建立和完善动作基模。

The authors measured children＇s knee joint proprioception ability by using X-SENS 3D joint position sense measurement system, and the testees＇ moving actions and operating actions by using gross motor development test （TGMD-2）, evaluated children＇s gross motor development level, compared the characteristics of proprioception ability and gross motor development level of children of different ages, probed into their correlation, and revealed the following findings： 1） children＇s proprioception ability is significantly age different, enhanced as their age increases, and constantly improved; ages 3 to 6 is a period when proprioception ability develops rapidly; 2） ages 3 to 6 is a critical period for children movement development, in which gross motor development level is significantly age different; as their age increases, children＇s gross motor development level increases constantly, yet has not shown significant gender differences; there is a very significant positive correlation between children＇s proprioception ability and their gross mo-tor development level： the better their proprioception, the higher their gross motor development level; while there is no significant correlation between children＇s proprioception and their body mass index. Human beings＇ movement learn-ing and development cannot be carried out without proprioception, people should provide more exercise opportunities for children, let them experience rich proprioception during exercising, learn diversified moving modes, and get com- prehensive movement parameters, thus helping them establish and perfect their basic modes of movement.