海南省地方性甲状腺肿流行病学调查及干预措施分析

Epidemiological investigation of endemic goiter and interventions in Hainan Province

目的调查海南省地方性甲状腺肿流行病学特点,并分析其干预措施。方法采取流行病学的调查方法对海南省2010年~2015年间的1200例地方性甲状腺肿患者的发病特点和发病趋势以及临床表现,并依据流行病特点进行制定干预措施。结果男性500例(比例41.7%),女性700例(58.3%),男性地方性甲状腺肿发病率明显的低于女性,数据比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。地方性甲状腺肿患者的年龄分布比较广泛,年龄段为16~20、21~30、31~40、41~50、51~60、61~70、71~77,构成比分别为7.4%、10.1%、12.1%、14.1%、16.0%、17.2%、23.1%。2010年、2011年、2012年、2013年、2014年、2015年中地方性甲状腺肿发生率分别为31.7%、22.8%、18.2%、14.3%、8.7%、4.3%。B超检查地方性甲状腺肿主要分型为弥漫性肿、结节性肿、甲状腺瘤、胶质性肿和甲状腺癌,构成比分别为54.3%、30.1%、9.0%、4.8%、1.8%。地方性甲状腺肿临床分度表现为Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度以及Ⅳ度,构成比分别为91.3%、5.7%、2.1%、1.0%。地方性甲状腺肿患者饮用水含碘量为86-1895μg/L。其中,乡镇地区、县级地区、市级地区的饮用水含碘量分别为(1217.5±2311.7)、(756.3±99.6)、(174.7±21.6)μg/L,且市级地区饮用水含碘量明显的低于乡镇地区、县级地区饮用水含碘量,数据比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论海南省地方性甲状腺肿患者流行病学特点相对比较明显,其发病可能与患者的生活水平以及碘摄入量有着关联,可以依据临床特征进行制定干预措施,改善海南省地区地方性甲状腺肿发病状况。

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of endemic goiter in Hainan Province,and analyze their interventions.Methods Epidemiological Survey Methods 1200 cases of endemic goiter patients from 2010 to 2015in Hainan Province,the incidence and morbidity trends and characteristics of clinical manifestations,and based on epidemiological characteristics of intervention measures.Results Men 500cases(41.7% ratio),female 700cases(58.3%),male endemic goiter incidence was significantly lower than that of women,data comparisons difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Endemic goiter distributed more widely with age,ages 16to20,21~30,31~40and 41~50,51~60and 61~70,71 to 77,constituting the ratios were 7.4%,10.1%,12.1%,14.1%,16.0%,17.2%,23.1%.2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,the incidence of endemic goiter were 31.7%,22.8%,18.2%,14.3%,8.7%,4.3%.B-ultrasound major endemic goiter diffuse swelling type,nodular swelling,thyroid tumors,glial and swollen thyroid cancer,the constituent ratio was 54.3%,30.1%,9.0%,4.8%,1.8%.Clinical manifestations of endemic goiter grade Ⅰ,gradeⅡ and gradeⅢ and Ⅳ degree,the constituent ratio was 91.3%,5.7%,2.1%,1.0%.Endemic goiter patients with iodine content in drinking water is 86-1895μg/L.Among them,drinking water iodine content area township,county region,municipal areas were(1217.5±2311.7),(756.3±99.6),(174.7±21.6)μg/L,and the municipal significantly lower than the drinking water iodine content area township areas,drinking water iodine content county area,the data was statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics endemic goiter patients Hainan is relatively clear,its incidence may be related to the standard of living and the iodine intake is associated with a patient,we can develop interventions based on the clinical features,improve Hainan endemic goiter area incidence.