四川省凉山州麻风病流行状况及防治成果调查研究

A case study in Sichuan Prefecture of Liangshan province leprosy epidemic situation and control results

目的调查新中国成立以来四川省凉山州麻风病流行状况及防治成果。方法回顾性分析新中国成立以来四川省凉山州麻风病患者档案资料,统计麻风病年龄、性别、职业、临床分型、病期及皮损特征分布,历年新发病例数和畸残例数,以及新发病例发病方式的变化。结果新中国成立以来四川省凉山州麻风病发病5782例,畸残病例2206例(38.15%);麻风病患者年龄集中在20~29岁和30~39岁,男性发病率显著高于女性,工人和农民患者较多,少菌型多于多菌型,病程多在2~4年,2块和3块皮损患者较多,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=754.586~4666.528,P<0.01);从1949年至今,麻风病新发病发病率、畸残例数占新发例数百分比呈下降趋势(χ~2=568.312~645.387,P<0.01),畸残患者接受手术修复率、手术治疗有效率呈明显升高趋势(χ~2=3.912~20.918,P<0.05);80年代后被动发现63.58%明显高于80年代前29.14%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=525.755,P<0.01)。结论四川省凉山州麻风病发病率和畸残比例呈逐渐下降趋势,被动发现比例升高,但仍应重视低流行状态下的防治工作。

Objective To investigate the Chinese since the establishment of Sichuan province Liangshan epidemic situation of leprosy prevention and treatment results.Methods A retrospective analysis since the founding of new China Sichuan Province,Liangshan Prefecture leprosy patients archives and statistical leprosy age,gender,occupation,clinical type and stage of disease and the characteristic skin lesions distribution,annual number and disability cases data in new cases and new cases of change.Results Since the founding of new China leprosy incidence of Liangshan Prefecture,Sichuan Province 5782 cases,disability cases 2206cases(38.15%);age of leprosy patients concentrated in 20~29and 30~39years of age,the incidence of male was significantly higher than that in females,workers and peasants were more,less bacteria type is more than the number of bacteria type,course of disease multi in 2to 4years,block 2and 3lesions were more,the differences were statistically significant(χ~2=754.586~4666.528,P<0.01);from 1949 so far,the new leprosy incidence rate,disability cases accounted for new percentage of the number of cases showed a downward trend(χ~2=568.312~645.387,P<0.01),accepted the disability in patients with surgical repair rate,effective rate of surgical treatment was significantly increased(χ~2=3.912~20.918,P<0.05);after the eighties of the passive found 63.58% was significantly higher than that before the 1980s29.14%,difference has statistical significance(χ~2=525.755,P<0.01).ConclusionSichuan Province Liangshan,leprosy incidence rate and the abnormal residual ratio was gradually decreased and passive discovery ratio increased,but still should pay attention to prevention and treatment of low prevalence state.