棕色脂肪组织与糖代谢的关系

Relationship between brown adipose tissue and glucose metabolism

研究证实成人体内存在有活性的棕色脂肪组织（BAT）。BAT是非颤栗产热和饮食诱导产热的主要器官，其产热作用依赖线粒体内膜的解耦联蛋白1（UCPl）。UCPl可使物质氧化与ATP生成解耦联（解耦联呼吸），减少ATP的生成，使能量以热量的形式释放，维持体温与能量的平衡。寒冷暴露、胰岛素、去甲肾上腺素、甲状腺激素等均可诱导UCPI表达使BAT活化，进而促进BAT摄取循环中的葡萄糖，加速循环中葡萄糖的清除。饮食因素以及可诱导BAT活化的因素均可影响BAT对葡萄糖的摄取。

Studies proved the presence of functional brown adipose tissue （BAT） in adults. BAT is the primary organ of nonshivering thermogenesis and diet-induced thermogenesis. The thermogenesis depends on uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1） in the mitochondrial inner membrane. UCPI can uncouple the oxidation of fuel substrates from induction of ATP （uncoupled respiration） to decrease ATP production. It sustains the balance of body temperature and energy. The expression of UCP1 is influenced by various factors such as cold exposure, insulin, norepinephrine and thyroxine, which make BAT be activated, and then promotes glucose uptake, and accelerates the glucose clearance in the circulation. Both food and factors inducing BAT＇s activation have effects on glucose uptake of BAT.