幼兔重度肺冲击伤动物模型的建立

Study on severe blast lung injury model of baby rabbits

目的建立稳定的幼兔重度肺冲击伤实验动物模型,为未成熟肺冲击伤机制和肺损伤救治研究提供理想的动物模型。方法致伤驱动压初筛:选取4周龄新西兰白兔16只,随机分为驱动压4.0 MPa组和4.5 MPa组,采用BST-Ⅰ型生物激波管,以相应的驱动压力致伤,对比2组肺冲击伤伤情。肺冲击伤伤情特点观察:选取4周龄新西兰白兔48只,随机分为正常对照组(8只)和冲击伤组(40只),依前面研究结果,冲击伤组采用4.5 MPa驱动压进行致伤;分别于伤即刻(0 h)、2 h、4 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h及72 h观测动物生命体征和生理指标、肺大体解剖和光镜病理、测定肺组织含水量等。结果致伤驱动压初筛:2组动物均存活,4.0 MPa组冲击波超压为(328.16±4.78)kP a,重度肺冲击伤率为12.5%,AIS评分(3.38±0.52)分;4.5 MPa组冲击波超压为(395.04±11.74)kP a,重度肺冲击伤率为87.5%,AIS评分(4.13±0.64)分。肺冲击伤伤情特点观察:致伤动物均存活,伤后即刻出现持续约0.5 h的精神萎靡等情况,随后动物呼吸和心率等加快,肺出现广泛片状出血和水肿,肺含水量显著增加,多为重度冲击伤,AIS评分(3.98±0.55)分,肺光镜病理以肺组织断裂、出血、水肿,伴炎细胞浸润为主。结论利用BST-Ⅰ型生物激波管,采用4.5 MPa驱动压可建立稳定的4周龄新西兰白兔重度冲击伤模型,此模型伤情稳定,可用于未成熟肺冲击伤机制和肺损伤救治的实验研究模型。

Objective To establish an animal model of severe blast lung injury in baby rabbits,and to provide a way to study the characteristic and treatment of blast lung injury in minors. Methods Randomly selected sixteen 4-weeks old New Zealand white rabbits,and the blast lung injuries were made by BST-Ⅰ biological shock tube with different drive pressure（4. 0 MPa and 4. 5 MPa） respectively. Then compared the injury severity of the 4. 0 Mpa group and the 4. 5 MPa group. Selected forty-eight 4-weeks old New Zealand white rabbits and divided them into the control group（8 rabbits） and the blast lung injury group（40 rabbits） Rabbits in the blast lung injury group were injured with 4. 5 MPa drive pressure. Observed the vital signs,physiological index,gross anatomy of the lung,pathology,and pulmonary water content at the time of injury immediately（ 0 hour）,2 hours,4 hours,6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours after the injury. Results Rabbits inthe 4. 0 Mpa group and the 4. 5 MPa group were all alive. The overpressure of blast wave of the 4. 0Mpa group was（ 328. 16 ±4. 78） kP a,rate of severe pulmonary defense was 12. 5%,and the AIS score was（ 3. 38 ± 0. 52） points. In the 4. 5 MPa group,the overpressure of blast wave was（395. 04 ± 11. 74） kP a,rate of severe pulmonary defense was 87. 5%,and the AIS score was（4. 13 ± 0. 64）points. Rabbits in the control group and the blast lung injury group were all alive. The spirits of rabbits were drooping immediately after injury,and it last about 0. 5 hour. Then the breathing and heart rate was accelerated,pulmonary water content was increased significantly,and there were extensive hemorrhage and edema in the lung. Most of the rabbits suffered severe lung injury,and the AIS score was（3. 98 ± 0. 55）points. Lung tissue rupture,hemorrhage,edema,and inflammatory cells infiltration were the main pathological manifestations under light microscopy.Conclusion The model of severe blast lung injury in baby rabbits could be established with BST-Ⅰbiological shock tube and drive pressure of4. 5 MPa. It is relatively simple,easily controllable and highly repeatable,which can be used as a feasible model for the study of blast lung injury.