西方国家应急管理综合化改革的经验与启示

Experience and Enlightenment on the Integrated Reform of the Emergency Management in Western Countries

作为整体型政府构建的重要内容,应急管理综合化旨在密切应急管理主体间联系、凝聚资源、促进协同,以提高管理效率。西方各国提出了应急管理综合化概念,构建了综合性应急管理模式,并从组织机构、法律法规、预案体系和信息系统等不同维度进行了改革。当下,西方国家应急管理呈现出由单兵作战向主体协同、由单纯事后处理向全过程应对、由单个国家管理向全球合作等综合化特征。借鉴西方应急管理综合化改革经验,有利于推动我国应急管理改革,提高应急管理水平,促进社会和谐稳定。

As the important part of the complete government construction, the emergency management integration is aimed at hav-ing a close connection with the main bodies of the emergency management, gaining resources and promoting collaborations to improve the management efficiency. Western countries have put forward the concepts of the emergency management integration, constructed the integrated patterns of the emergency management and reformed them from different angles of organizations, legislations, plan systems, in-formation systems and so on. Nowadays, the emergency management of western countries has had such integrated characteristics as turn-ing from the single operation to the main body collaboration, from the pure post-accident treatment to the whole process coping, and from the single national management to the global cooperation. By drawing lessons from the reform experience of the emergency management integration in western countries, the reform of the emergency management can be pushed, the level of the emergency management can be improved and the harmony and stability of the society can be promoted in China.