检察机关在突破环境民事公益诉讼难局中的法律困境与规则建构--基于公益诉讼改革试点方案的思考

The Legal Dilemma and Rule Construction under Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Filed by Prosecutors——From the Perspective of Pondering the“Public Interest Litigation Reform Pilot Program”

环境作为公众共用物,检察机关与其有"直接的公共利益关系"。《检察机关提起公益诉讼改革试点方案》从国家政策层面为检察机关提起环境民事公益诉讼指明了方向,但在法律法规层面还没有明确的法律依据。我国环境公益诉讼相关法律法规和政策出台的模糊性、应急性和保守性给检察机关提起环境民事公益诉讼实践的正当性带来了难题。对检察机关提起环境民事公益诉讼的规则进行建构,明确检察机关在提起环境民事公益诉讼中诉讼对象的无主性、目的的纯公益性和角色定位的填补性,既是完善环境公益诉讼相关立法的需要,更是破解检察机关环境民事公益诉讼实践困局的需求。

The prosecutors have 'direct public interest relationship'with the environment which is 'Commons'.'Pilot Program'pointed out the direction from the national policy level for environmental civil public interest litigation filed by prosecutors,but there is no clear legal basis from the legal level.The ambiguity,contingency and conservatism of related laws,regulations and policies about environmental public interest litigation bring about a problem for the legitimacy of environmental civil public interest litigation filed by prosecutors.To construct rules of lawsuit filed by prosecutors and to identify its nonsubjectivity,pure public purpose and role positioning of the filling not only meets the needs of improving the laws about environmental public interest litigation,but also solves the practice dilemma of environmental civil public interest litigation.