钙、奶及奶制品摄入量与超重肥胖的关系

Association between dietary calcium / dairy intakes and overweight/obesity

目的调查成都市龙泉驿区7～15岁儿童青少年膳食钙、奶及奶制品摄入情况及超重肥胖现状,并探讨两者间的关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法,获1738例有效样本。利用24小时膳食问卷及食物频率问卷（FFQ）收集膳食信息,同时测量身高、体重及腰围,计算体质指数（BMI）、腰围身高比（WHtR）,并进一步计算体质指数分数（BMI SDS）。根据中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）标准评价超重肥胖。将钙、奶及奶制品摄入量分成3组,分析超重肥胖指标与钙、奶及奶制品之间的关系。结果男生的超重率与肥胖率分别为11.92%、7.04%,女生为8.40%、6.30%。女生钙、奶及奶制品摄入量均高于男生（P〈0.0001）。7～9岁男生的BMI SDS与奶及奶制品摄入量成正比（P=0.01）;10～12岁男生钙摄入量较低时,其超重率较高（P=0.03）。不同年龄组女生中,钙、奶及奶制品摄入情况与超重肥胖指标间的差异均无统计学意义。结论男生的钙、奶及奶制品摄入量可能与超重肥胖相关,但在不同年龄组中表现不同;女生中未发现钙、奶及奶制品与超重肥胖的关系。

Objective To investigate the intakes of dietary calcium / dairy and the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 7- 15 in Longquanyi District,Chengdu,and to explore the association of dietary calcium and dairy intake with overweight / obesity. Methods 1738 children and adolescents were recruited in the cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling method. Information on dietary calcium and dairy intakes was collected using 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire（ FFQ）. Height,weight and waist circumference were measured to calculate body mass index（ BMI） / waist-to-height ratio（ WHtR） and body mass index standard deviation（ BMI SDS）. Overweight / obesity was defined based on the criteria of Working Group on Obesity in China（ WGOC）. Participants were grouped into 3 categories indicating lower,moderate and higher intakes of dietary calcium and dairy,respectively.The association of dietary calcium and dairy consumption with（ BMI SDS） / WHtR and the prevalence of overweight / obesity was analyzed after being stratified by gender and age.Results The prevalence of overweight / obesity in boys and girls were 11. 92% /7. 04%and 8. 04% /6. 30%,respectively. The intake of dietary calcium and dairy in girls were much higher than that in boys（ P 0. 0001）. Among boys aged 7- 9 years,those with higher consumption of dairy had the higher BMI SDS（ P = 0. 01）. Among boys aged 10-12 years,those with higher consumption of dietary calcium had the lowest prevalence of overweight（ P = 0. 03）. However, similar results were not observed among girls.Conclusions Dietary calcium and dairy intakes seemed to be related to overweight /obesity in boys,however the associations were inconsistent among different age groups.Associations between consumption of calcium,dairy and overweight / obesity were not found among girls.