光学遥感技术的发展及其在活动构造研究中的应用

THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE ACTIVE TECTONICS RESEARCH

遥感技术自诞生以来对于我们从宏观尺度上认识地质体带来了极大的便利,特别是20世纪中叶以来,遥感平台和传感器的制造技术都取得了很大的进步,获取了大量的全球范围的遥感数据,质量也随着传感器的进步有了很大的提高。文中在简要梳理遥感技术发展的过程中,详细阐述了Landsat、SPOT、Quick Bird等几个对于活动构造解译有着里程碑意义的卫星和影像的参数,并系统回顾了光学影像解译随着分辨率发展而取得的进步;简单介绍了当前最新的光学影像对比技术;此外还基于高分辨率卫星影像进行的精细地貌填图技术取得的成果,对遥感技术在未来活动构造研究中可能发挥的作用进行了展望。

Remote sensing technology has brought great convenience to our understanding of the macroscopic geological features since its inception. Especially,great progress has been made in manufacturing techniques of remote sensing platforms and sensors since the mid 20 th century,and a huge number of global remote sensing data have been acquired. The quality of the data has been greatly improved based on the sensor＇s development. This article briefly reviews the processes of development of the remote sensing technology,elaborates on several satellites＇ parameters which have important significance for active tectonics interpretation,such as Landsat,SPOT,Quick Bird,etc.,and systematically reviews the progress in optical image interpretation made with the improvement of image resolution. The paper also briefly introduces the latest optical imaging correlation techniques,the detailed geomorphological mapping techniques based high- resolution satellite images,and the perspective of application of the remote sensing technology to active tectonics research.