流式细胞术在外周血白细胞分类计数中的应用

Application of white blood cell differential in peripheral blood by flow cytometry

人工显微镜分类法作为白细胞分类计数的传统方法，面临流式细胞术分类法的挑战。流式细胞术分类计数白细胞是以细胞表面的免疫标志为基础，对白细胞进行分类计数。同人工显微镜分类法相比，该法灵敏度、特异性高，重复性好且更加客观。多项研究显示流式细胞术分类法与人工显微镜法的相关很好，且对原始细胞和幼稚细胞有较高的诊断效率。同时流式细胞术分类法能够提供更多的白细胞分类信息如淋巴细胞亚群、促炎性单核细胞，在多种疾病如急性白血病原始细胞监测、成熟B淋巴细胞增殖性疾病以及感染性疾病中均有一定应用价值。随着流式细胞术分类法的发展和完善，很可能成为白细胞分类计数的候选参考方法并逐渐应用于日常工作中。

Manual microscopic differential of white blood cell has been challenged by multiparameter flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies to define the different leukocyte types. Compared with manual differential, flow cytometry method is more sensitive, specific, objective and has good repeatability. Recent studies demonstrated flow cytometric differential correlates well with manual microscopic method and has good clinical performance for blast and immature granulocyte. Meanwhile more leukocyte populations can be identified with flow cytometric method, such as lymphocyte subset and CD 16 ~ monocyte, thus helping in monitoring blast in acute leukemia, B lymphocyte proliferative disorder differential diagnosis and minimal residual disease. With the development and improvement of flow cytometric differential, it might be a candidate reference method of leukocyte differential, gradually applied in the routine work.