2005-2014年钦州市钦南区乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of hepatitis B infection in Qinnan District of Qinzhou during 2005-2014

目的：分析钦州市钦南区2005—2014年报告乙型病毒性肝炎（乙肝）流行病学特征，为乙肝预防控制策略提供依据。方法：采用描述性流行病学方法，对2005～2014年中国疾病预防控制信息系统网络报告的乙肝病例的流行病学特征进行分析。结果：2005—2014年钦州市钦南区累计报告乙肝病例4279例，各年发病率相对波动在62～89／10万之间，没有大幅度的上升或下降，年平均报告发病率为73．59／10万；15岁以下人群发病率较低，由2005年23．35／10万下降到2014年4．09／10万，下降趋势显著。20-39岁青壮年发病率最高；男性发病率（91．84／10万）明显高于女性（42．17／10万）。农民病例数占最多（42％）。在报告病例中，以慢性乙肝为主（75．84％），急性乙肝占11．40％。结论：钦州市钦南区2005—2014年乙肝报告发病率低于全国及广西，自2005年6月1日起实施新生儿接种乙肝疫苗免费策略之后，15岁以下人群发病率大幅下降，收到显著的预防效果。今后须要进一步探索成人乙肝免疫策略。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported hepatitis B cases from 2005 to 2014 in Qinnan District of Qinzhou and to provide strategies for control and prevention of hepatitis B. Methods Descriptive epi- demiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B cases, which were reported by China information system for disease control and prevention from 2005 to 2014. Results The total number of hepatitis B cases were 4279 during 2005 -- 2014 in Qinnan District of Qinzhou. The morbidity of hepatitis B infection varied be- tween 62/100000 and 89/100000 each year,and it had no significant increase or decrease. The average annual morbidity of hepatitis B was 73.59/100000 in Qinnan District from 2005 to 2014. The morbidity of the people under 15 years old was lower than others, which was dramatically decreased from 23. 35/100000 in 2005 to 4.09/ morbidity of young adults between 20 years old and 39 years old was the highest. The difference male and female was statistically significant （P 〈 0. 001 ）, and male （91. 84/100000） was higher 100000）. Farmers （42%） chronic cases and only 11. 100000 in 2014. The of morbidity between than female （42. 17/ composed the main part of the patients. Among reported hepatitis B cases, 75.84% were 40% were acute cases. Conclusions The morbidity of reported hepatitis B cases was lower than nationwide and Guangxi during 2005 to 2014. The morbidity of the teenagers under 15 years old had sharply de- creased with a significant effect on prevention,since the policy was carried out that hepatitis B vaccine was vaccinated freely among neonates from June I, 2005. In the future, we should explore hepatitis B immunization strategy for adults.