基于MaxEnt和GIS的陕西省山茱萸气候适宜性种植区划研究

Planting Regionalization of Climate Suitability on Cornus officinalis in Shaanxi Province Based on Max Ent and GIS

目的:预测陕西省山茱萸最适宜种植区,实现山茱萸的种植区划。方法:利用28份山茱萸实地调查及标本点的地理信息,应用最大熵模型(Max Ent)加载分别在世界气象数据库、土壤数据库下载的27个气候变量和6个环境变量,采用GIS预测陕西省境内山茱萸气候适宜性分布概况。结果:Max Ent运行AUC值高达0.98,表明模型具有很高的可信度。结果发现,山茱萸最适宜分布于3月最低气温在-3.0~9.8℃,年平均气温在6.7~17.6℃,3月平均降水量在7~185 mm,年平均降水量在558~1 817 mm,海拔为98~1 620 m左右的地区。依据上述适宜分布结果和气候类型,可将陕西省山茱萸最适宜分布区(总最适宜面积4.5万km^2)划分为4个种植亚区,分别为Ⅰ-1秦岭北坡山地湿润气候种植区(0.59万km^2),Ⅰ-2商洛丹江河谷盆地半湿润气候种植区(1.17万km^2),Ⅱ-1汉中-安康汉江河谷盆地湿润气候区(1.51万km2),Ⅱ-2米仓山-大巴山地湿润气候种植区(0.84万km2)。建议在Ⅱ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-1中原有山茱萸种植集中区,通过合理规划和建立山茱萸规范化种植基地,推广高产、优质和抗病性强的优良品种,并研发机械采摘工具降低人工成本等,从而推进实施中药现代化的进程。

Objective ：To predict the suitable distribution of Cornus officinalis in planting regionalization. Methods：Based on early field surveys and the geographic information data of Comus officinalis specimens in the Chinese Virtual Herbarium （CVH）, the 27 cli- matic variables,6 soil variables and 1 topographic variable in Shaanxi province were downloaded in WorldClim and Harmonized World Soil Database,respectively. The Maximum entropy（ MaxEnt）was used to predict the potential suitable distributions and areas in Shaanxi province using geographic information system （GIS） after all the variables were made correlational analyses. Results ： The AUC of MaxEnt （0. 98 ） showed the modeling process had a very high precision in this running. The statistical analysis of environment variables in highly potential areas demonstrated that Cornus officinalis prefered to grow in areas with average monthly minimum temperature of March （ train3, - 3.0 - 9. 8 ℃ ） , precipitation of March （ prec3,7 - 185 mm） , annual average temperature （ biol, 6. 7 ~ 17.6 ℃ ） , annual pre- cipitation（ biol2,558 ~ 1 817 ram）and altitude（ alt,98 - 1 620 m）. The predicted results showed that the total most suitable planting area of Comus officinalis was as high as 45 000 km2 and it was divided into four most suitable regions according to climate types and to- pography in Shaanxi province. The four high suitable planting regions were the humid climate planting regions in the northern slope of Qinling Mountain zone（ I-1,5 900 km2） ,the sub-humid climate planting regions in the basin and valley of Shangluo-Danjiang（ I-2,11 700 km2）, the humid climate planting regions in the basin and valley of Hanzhong-Ankang（ H-1,15100 km2）, and the humid climate planting regions in mountainous regions of Mieang-Bashan Mountain （ Ⅱ-2,8 400 km2） ,respectively. Conclusion：h is suggested that the planting base should be built in the Parts Ⅱ-1, I-2 and I-1 based on the original cultivation,the better varieties with high yield,good quality and disease resistance should be vigorously promoted the cultivation, and the mechanical picking tools should be researched to reduce the labor cost for fruit gathering. It will give a scientific method to build suitable planting regionalization to improve the quality of medicinal materials in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.