袋控施肥对甘蔗地土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响

Effects of bag-controlled fertilization on contents of soil nutrients and soil enzymes activities of sugarcane land

为了提高肥料利用率和节约劳动力,通过2年田间试验探讨了袋控施肥对甘蔗产量、蔗地土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:在总养分一致、两季甘蔗只施1次肥料条件下,3种复混肥(复混肥A、B分别为60%包膜、30%包膜缓释肥与尿素和氯化钾的混合肥,复混肥F为常规复合肥)均为袋控施用处理蔗茎产量高于常规施用处理,其中以CB2处理(2孔复混肥B袋控处理)蔗茎平均产量最高(114.44 t/hm^2)。蔗茎产量和土壤有效磷、速效钾含量,以及脲酶、蔗糖酶活性在宿根年均表现为复混肥A、B处理高于复混肥F处理,且在相同的施肥量下以2孔袋控施肥最佳。复混肥B处理宿根年土壤碱解氮含量最少,均低于70 mg/kg。3种复混肥处理磷酸酶活性均表现为常规施肥处理高于袋控施肥处理。可见,袋控施肥的蔗茎产量高于常规施肥,复混肥A、B的袋控施肥处理能保证养分稳定释放,并在一定程度上提高甘蔗产量、土壤养分含量和酶活性,其中以复混肥B的2孔袋控施肥处理效果最好。

Field experiments were carried out for two years to investigate the effects of bag controlled fertilization on sugarcane yield, soil nutrient content and soil enzymes activities for improving fertilizer use efficiency and saving labor. Three kinds of compound fertilizers were tested. Compound fertilizer A and B were 60% and 30% of coated fertilizer mixed with urea and potassium chloride respectively, and fertilizer F was the conventional compound fertilizer. Fertilizers A, B and F were packed in bags with 2 holes or 4 holes. Treatments with bag controlled fertilizers A, B and F had higher sugar-cane yield than the treatments with conventional fertilization （ no bag）. The treatment CB2 （fertilizer B packed in a 2？hole bag） showed the highest yield of 114？44 t/hm2 . Cane yield, soil a-vailable phosphorus, available potassium, and the activities of urease and sucrose were higher in 2？hole bag-controlled fertilizer A and B treatments in the ratoon year. Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in fertilizer B treatment was the lowest （ less than 70 mg/kg） in ratoon year. The soil phosphatase activity in conven？ tional fertilization treatments for all three fertilizers were higher than those in bag-controlled fertilization treatments. It is ob-vious that bag controlled fertilization produced higher cane yield than the conventional fertilization. Bag-controlled fertilizers A and B increased the sugarcane yield, soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activity because of the stable fertilizer release. Compound fertilizer B packed in a 2？hole bag exhibited the best fertilization effect.