农村改革过程中的试点突破与话语重塑

Transform through Experimentation and Discourse Reconstruction during the Rural Reform Process

传统的社会科学研究更多地将中国农村改革视为农民自发推动的结果。通过对安徽省农村改革早期实践的考察,本文认为国家在此过程中起到了重要的凝聚和推动作用。集体化末期,原有治理模式的销蚀殆尽和科层内部的意见分化为农村改革的基层实践埋下了契机。通过在灾害这一特殊背景下对国家政策的策略性变通,改革者成功实现了对基层民众意愿的捕捉和凝聚,并进一步以"试点"的方式打开了地区政策变革的通道,最终通过话语重塑将乡村社会的"生存伦理"转化为国家制度转型的合法性基础,实现了国家在市场转型初期治理意象的延续和统一。

Social scientists hold the viewpoint that it was the Chinese peasants who pushed the rural reform from bottom up. However,based on the analysis of oral history resources from Anhui province,one of the first provinces to start rural reform,this paper finds that the political leaders played an irreplaceable role during this process. In the late period of collectivization,the old governance model of the Party-state had been eroded,and the divergence of opinions among the Party gave an opportunity to the regional experiments. The reformers successfully grasped and condensed the villagers' aspiration of reform through flexible adjustments of policies during special circumstances. They made possible of policy modification through regional 'experimental units'. In the end,they transformed the farmers' 'survival ethics'to the ideological discourse of the Partystate to maintain the legitimacy and consistency of the state image during the market transformation.