鸡冠常见冠型及其遗传基础研究进展

Introduction of different combs and advances in their genetic basis

鸡冠作为一类易于观察且变异丰富的外观性状,一直是遗传学家关注的焦点。经典遗传学时代,玫瑰冠和豆冠性状的遗传规律研究对孟德尔遗传学再发现及遗传学基本概念的建立起到重要作用。进入到基因组学时代,玫瑰冠、豆冠和双冠性状的分子遗传学研究结果显示:3种冠型的形成均由非编码区的结构改变导致相应基因的易位表达,从而改变了冠型结构。鸡冠性状的分子遗传学研究结果不仅为解释表型和基因型之间关系提供了有力的证据,而且对理解表型快速进化的分子机制提供了有益启示。综述了玫瑰冠、豆冠和双冠冠型及其遗传基础研究进展,为其他冠型及其他外观性状的分子遗传学研究予以启示。

As a kind of morphological trait, comb has abundant phenotypic variations, and it is a valuable genetic material for research. In the era of classical genetics, the genetics study of comb traits plays an important role in rediscovery of Mendel genetics and the establishmerit of concept of genetics. However, in the era of post genomic, molecular genetic studies on the rose comb, pea comb and duplex comb show that different phenotypes of comb are caused by the large-scale structural changes in different transcription factors. In addition, studies on molecular genetics of comb trait not only provide strong evidence for the explanation of the relationship between genotype and phenotype, hut also provide new insights for understanding the molecular mechanism underlie the rapid evolution of phenotype. We mainly introduced the progress of molecular study on rose comb, pea comb and double comb, to provide some insights for the future study on comb traits and other morphological traits.