广东省西江流域近年沙糖桔成本收益分析

Cost-benefit analysis of Shatangju production in Xijiang River Basin of Guangdong Province

对广东省西江流域2011—2014年的沙糖桔生产成本与收益进行分析,探讨了该区域沙糖桔成本与收益的情况。结果表明:虽然该区域沙糖桔单位面积生产总成本呈下降趋势,但单位产量生产总成本呈逐年上升趋势;生产总成本主要包括物质费用、人工成本和土地成本,分别占总成本的比例为61.34%、34.23%和4.43%;物质费用成本中农药费、化肥费、农家肥费所占比例最大,农药和肥料价格上升,因此导致单位面积和单位产量物质费用均呈逐年上升趋势;虽然单位面积土地成本稳定甚至人工成本逐年下降,但是单位产量人工和土地成本均逐年上升,这是因为该区域沙糖桔大面积黄化衰退,产量急剧下降,2014年比2011年单位面积产量急剧下降了2/3;虽产量降低,但市场供不应求,平均出售价格上升,果农成本纯收益率仍较乐观,平均达73.56%。沙糖桔种植收益较高,可通过合理降低投入成本、提高果品单位面积产量和质量、平衡价格和加大政策扶持力度等途径促进本区域沙糖桔产业的发展。

The cost-benefit of ＇Shatangju＇ （ Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Shatangju ） in Xijiang River Basin of Guangdong Province through 2011 to 2014 were investigated. The results showed that： the total cost of production per unit area in the region steadily decreased, but the cost per unit production showed ascendant trend. The material cost, labour cost and land cost were the major costs of total production costs, accounting for 61.34%, 34.23% and 4.43%, respectively. Pesticides cost, chemical fertilizer cost and manure fertilizer cost were the major costs of material costs, the cost per unit area and per unit production increased with pesticide and fertilizer prices rising. While the land cost stayed stability and even the decline in labor cost per unit area, but the labor and land costs per unit production rose, which were resulted from large yellowing recessions of Shatangju, the sharp decline by two-third in yield per unit area in the region in 2014, compared with 2011. While the yield of Shatangju reduced, the market demand and price increased, in which the cost profit rate of ＇Shatangju＇ was high, reached 73.56% on average. Only effectively controlling the production costs, improving the fruit yield and quality, balancing price and increasing the policy support could make the high benefit of Shatangju production.