现实与想象:国民革命时期思想界对苏俄新经济政策的认知

Reality and Imagination:Soviet New Economic Policy Understood by Intellectuals in the Era of Chinese National Revolution

苏俄新经济政策与国民革命几乎同时,曾引发国人诸多解读。孙中山等国民党人将新经济政策等同于民生主义,其内在精神是阶级调和而非斗争,也因之确定"联俄容共"。梁启超等则认为,新经济政策是对共产主义道路的根本否定,进而以此为据反对中国共产党及其革命道路。中国共产党人则以为新经济政策是既定的过渡阶段,是马克思主义区别于乌托邦思想的关键所在,从而捍卫了自己通过阶级革命获取政权的合法性。这些论点显示了彼此在政治理念上的分歧。

New Economic Policy was adopted in Soviet Union almost in the same period as Chinese National Revolution.The relationship between this policy and the path of communism aroused different interpretations among Chinese intellectuals.Sun Yat-sen and his followers equated it with the livelihood of people with the essence of class reconciliation rather than struggle,and,therefore,established their guideline of＂Uniting with Russia and accommodating Chinese Communist Party＂.Liang Qichao thought of New Economic Policy as negating the path of communism,and hence his opposition to the CCP and its revolutionary road.Chinese Communist Party has taken New Economic Policy as a pre-established transitional policy,which is the key to distinguish Marxism from utopianism,and has defended the legitimacy of acquiring the regime through class revolution.These pragmatic interpretations embody different political philosophies.