宁波口岸入境可回收废物原料携带外来医学媒介生物的风险评估

Category-time series-spatial risk analysis of exotic medical vectors carried by recyclable waste raw materials imported in Ningbo Port

目的探索建立入境可回收废物原料携带外来医学媒介生物的风险评估程序和方法。方法以宁波港为研究范围,到港集装箱装载入境可回收废物原料为研究对象,开展为期一年的外来医学媒介生物携带率调查。应用分析性流行病学研究方法(包括百分比构成分析法、饼图法、集中度法、圆分布法和统计地图法),从废物原料的类别、时序和空间三个维度进行风险评估研究。结果并非所有入境可回收废物原料均存在输入外来媒介生物的风险,风险主要集中在"回收(废碎)纸及纸板",其次是"塑料废碎料及下脚料"和"金属和金属合金废碎料"等;时间序列风险方面,通过废物原料输入外来媒介生物的时间主要集中在3月份以后,并存在明显的季节性分布趋势;从全球各来源国的空间分布来观察,外来媒介生物从欧、美、加、澳等国输入我国的风险相对较大。结论出入境检验检疫部门应根据风险评估的结果,针对高风险的废物原料类别、时间周期以及输入国家,重点加大检疫查验力度,以最大限度地阻止外来医学媒介生物及其携带的致病微生物输入中国。

Objective To explore the risk assessment procedures and methods for exotic medical vectors carried by imported reeyelable waste raw materials. Methods The Ningbo port was restricted as the researching area, the imported recyclable wastes carried by containers were recognized as the researching objects. A survey of exotic medical-vector carrying rate was carried out for one year. The analytic epidemiologieal methods including percentage composition, pie chart, concentration ratio, circular distribution and statistical map were employed for the risk analysis by the three dimensions including category, time series and spatiality. Results Not all entry of the recycling wastes had the risk of exotic medical vectors. The recyclable waste paper was categorized as the high risk, and the waste plastics and metal alloy as median risk. In aspect of time series analysis, the high-risk period in one year was from March to December. The apparent seasonal trend could be found. And refer to the spatial analysis, the recyelable wastes were mainly from Europe, USA, Canada and Australia. Conclusion The inspection and quarantine agency should strengthen the management of high-risk category, time period and countries of origin, and prevent the exotic medical vectors and its pathogenic microbes from importing to our country.