公路涎流冰的成冰机理与新型防治措施研究

Waterfall ice on highway: Ice-forming mechanisms and controlling measures

建立了粗、细粒土冻结模型,分析了扰动三层体内部的析冰原理,提出密闭水体的冻结-压力循环,该循环是涎流冰发育的机理.对饱水粗颗粒土与饱水细颗粒土的冻结模型比较表明,饱水粗粒土在密闭体系中的冻结;就其产生的水压力而言,实质上就是密闭水体的冻结,也就是水冻结成冰体积膨胀受限而产生力的问题.这种体积膨胀产生的力导致约束结构(如薄弱层)的整体性破坏.在公路边坡数值模拟分析的基础上,提出边坡薄弱层破坏导致渗水是形成坡积冰的主要原因之一,薄弱层破坏处是病害最严重的位置.根据病害形成原理和成因分析,并提出渗井与仰斜式排水管相结合的复合防治措施,工后效果良好.

In this paper,frozen models of coarse and fine grained soils are established and mechanism of ice-forming in three-phase mass was analyzed.As a result,an idea of congelation-compression cycle in closed water body is proposed,which is the mechanism of waterfall ice development.By comparing frozen model for coarse grained soil and frozen model for fine-grained soil,it is clear that freezing saturated coarse-grained soil in a closed system is essentially to freeze a closed water body.Expansion force generated by water freezing on ice results in completely destroying restraint structure （weak layer）.Based on numerical simulation in a highway slope,the destruction of weak layers result in water seepage,which is the main reason for ice migration.The most serious position of ice disease is the weak layers.According to disease formation principle and cause analy-sis,one method combining two new control measures is proposed,which is very well in practice.