棉花高效利用土壤磷的根际过程与调控研究进展

Study Progress on Rhizosphere Process and Manipulation of Efficient Use of Soil Phosphorus in Cotton

提高棉花对磷的利用效率不仅是国家磷资源可持续利用的需要，也是新疆棉花产业节本增效的迫切需求。本文通过对相关资料特别是近10年国内外文献的查阅，就植物获取土壤磷的途径、过程，以及提高作物吸磷效率的关键过程进行了综述，并在此基础上总结了棉花摄取土壤磷的根际过程与调控的相关研究进展。植物对土壤磷的获取包括活化和吸收利用两个基本过程，而吸收利用是通过根系直接吸磷途径和菌根吸磷途径共同完成的。根系分布与土壤剖面有效磷含量分布的时空匹配性是作物根系直接途径高效获取土壤磷的基础，根分泌作用增强根际土壤磷的活化是作物根系直接途径磷高效获取的关键过程，而菌根途径是作物磷效率的重要构成组分。土壤供磷强度对棉花的根形态和生长、菌根侵染率和菌根效应、根际磷酸酶活性有显著的调节作用。目前有关棉花磷高效吸收相关的根形态和生理性状、根际和菌根际生物互作过程与调节机制的研究还十分有限，需要进行深入研究。

Enhancing the Phosphorus use-efficiency of cotton is not only for sustainable utilization of P resouce in China, but also for the requriment of both the cotton industry and the farmers to save their cost in lint production by reducing P fertilizer application rate in Xinjiang. This paper summarized the key process of obtaining the soil P in the plant, and the related research progress in the process of the uptake of soil phosphorus and the regulation of the control by means of the relevant information, especially in the last 10 years. The plant＇s uptake of soil P includes two basic processes, activation and absorption, and the plant absorption and utilization of soil P is accomplished by root direct P uptake pathway and the mycorrhiza P uptake pathway. The spatial and temporal matching between the effective phosphorus content in the soil profile and features of root morphology is the basis of the root direct P uptake pathway, and the activation of the roots exudation to soil P is the key process of the root direct P uptake pathway, and the mycorrhiza P uptake pathway is an important component of the crop phosphorus efficiency. The intensity of soil available phosphorus had a significant effect on the root morphology and growth of cotton, the infection rate of mycorrhizal colonization and mycorrhizal effects, and the activity of phosphatase in the rhizosphere. The research on the correlation between root morphology and physiological characteristics, the biological interaction in rhizosphere and hyposphere and their regulation mechanism of the high efficiency P absorption of cotton need to be further studied.