急性肾损伤:病理生理与治疗

Acute kidney injury: pathophysiology and treatment

急性肾损伤(AKI)是一种常见的临床综合征,主要表现为肾功能快速下降及代谢废物的蓄积,其诊断有赖于血清肌酐的升高和尿量减少。目前尚无治疗AKI的特效药物,严重时需进行肾脏替代治疗,因此早期发现和早期防治成为改善患者预后的关键。为加深对AKI的理解,提高AKI的诊疗水平,本文着重介绍AKI的诊断、病理生理及治疗的相关研究进展。

Acute kidney injury （AKI） is a common clinical syndrome and mainly manifested by the rapid decline of renal function and the accumulation of metabolic waste. The diagnosis of AKI depends on the increase of serum creatinine and/or the decrease of urinary output. Early detection, prevention, and treatment become the key points to improve the prognosis of AKI patients because specific therapies to treat of AKI are still unavailable currently. In order to deepen the understanding of AKI and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of AKI, this paper focuses on the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of AKI.