关中流民成因与唐代国家对策述论

Reasons for Refugees and Tang Government's Countermeasures in Guanzhong Area

"流民"作为特殊的社会群体,在农业文明时代普遍存在,在唐代关中地区也不例外,成为帝国历代统治集团极为关注并着力解决的难题。这一地区流民问题的产生,事实上既与灾荒饥馑、战乱兵灾、苛政暴相联系,也与土地兼并密切相关。唐政府为了解决关中的流民问题,采取积谷备荒、抑制兼并以防范流民的产生,并通过减赋蠲免、赈灾纾困、禁迁止流控制流民的流动,力图以社会救助、移民调剂等多方举措遏制流民的影响,以实现维持社会稳定的目标。

Refugees,as a peculiar social group,were very common in the era of agricultural civilization,with no exception in Guanzhong Area in the Tang Dynasty.It became a hot problem for all the previous rulers.The appearance of refugees in this area was actually a result of famine,wars,oppression and tyranny,and land annexation in the Tang Dynasty.In order to solve the problem of refugees,the Tang Government attempted to adopt the following measures such as storing up grain against famine,preventing from land annexation,exempting from and reduction in tax payment,disaster and poverty relief,stopping refugees＇ migration so as to check the effect of refugees by the means of social relief and aid,and the other regulative measures for the purpose of maintaining the social stability.