基于语料库探究“同志”的历时演变

A Corpus-based Diachronic Study of “Tongzhi”

"同志"一词迄今已有两千余载,随着时代的变迁,其语义从周朝两个单音节词指代志同道合,直到今天,"同志"在一定范围内引申为同性恋者的代称。文章试图以索绪尔的共时和历时观点以及范畴化作为理论依据,借助北京大学中国语言学研究中心古代汉语语料库以及《人民日报》数据库作为实证依据,运用对比的研究方法,分析这一称谓的使用现状及其发展演变过程,并探究其语义和语用方面变化发生的原因。

＂Tongzhi＂,which has been used for two thousand-odd years so far,has witnessed a semantic change from two mono-syllabic characters denoting ＂people with similar objectives and ambitions＂in the Zhou Dynasty to a designation for ＂homosexuals＂in a certain range at present. Based on Saussure＇s synchronic and diachronic perspectives as well as the categorization theory,this paper attempts to make a contrastive study of the historical change and status quo of this appellation and then probes into causes for its semantic and pragmatic change by means of the corpus of CCL and People＇s Daily.