“形式意志”背后的思考——格奥尔格诗学思想初探

Reflections on the will of forms: A preliminary study of the poetics of Stefan George

格奥尔格的诗歌给人突出的印象是独具匠心的严整结构和精致编排,而忽视现实要素和质料内容,他在诗歌语音效果上竭力营造匀称优美的效果,不惜使用古奥冷僻的词汇,甚至杜撰新词。不单如此,语言、语词也在格奥尔格那里获得了不同于流俗之见的特殊意义。这种内衣外穿的文学表现形式和别具一格的语言观是对当时思想界从认识论向语言学转向的呼应,还是另有深意?格奥尔格作如此处理的原因是他所身处的诸神隐遁的时代所致,诗歌只剩下外在的空壳即形式令诗人凭吊原属于古典时代、如今失落了的总体性。

The realistic elements and materials are deliberately excluded from the poems by Stefan George; instead,readers are more impressed with the rigorous structures and complicated dictions he elaborately designed and selected. He made great efforts to realize peculiar symmetric and wellproportioned phonetic effects,by giving full play to rarely used words,or even coined words by himself. Besides,words and dictions were endowed by Stefan George with special connotations different from the conventional ones. This kind of literary manifestation,where forms outweighed contents,as well as the accompanying unique linguistic perspectives,emerged at the turn of the twentieth century. Was it an evidence of the philosophic focus shifting from epistemology to linguistics,or was there any other ingrained causes? This paper gives an incisive analysis of the reasons and concludes that his unique style may result from the impact of an era when the divinities disappeared,leaving the poems with merely a shell( i. e.,the form) and meanwhile leaving the poets mourning over the loss of the totality.