汉江中下游干流水电梯级开发的水环境影响分析

Analysis of Influence of Water Environment on Development of Hydropower Cascade Downstream of the Hanjiang River

以汉江中下游水电梯级开发为例,通过收集开发前后水环境资料,分析水电梯级开发对汉江中下游干流水体形态、径流量、水质和水温4个方面的影响。结果表明:汉江中下游干流水电梯级开发极大程度地改变了工程所在汉江河段的水体形态,主要表现在库区平均流速减小,平均水深增大;丹江口枢纽作为汉江中下游水电梯级开发的控制性枢纽,水库调度运行对下游河段月平均流量调节作用明显;水电梯级开发没有造成汉江中下游王甫洲和崔家营枢纽河段水质恶化;丹江口枢纽对坝址下游河段水温影响显著,王甫洲和崔家营枢纽建成对坝址下游河段水温无显著影响。

Taking cascade hydropower development in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River as an example,the influences of cascade development on the water environment were discussed from four aspects,i. e.the form of water flow,runoff,water quality and water temperature,by collecting water environment data before and after the cascade hydropower development. The results show that the development of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River has significantly changed the form of water flow where the project located,which is mainly reflected in decreasing the average flow rate of the reservoir area while increasing the average water depth.As the control hub of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River,the scheduling of Danjiangkou hub reservoir has obviously adjusted the average water runoff of the downstream reaches monthly. Cascade hydropower development has not deteriorated the water quality of Wangfuzhou and Cuijiaying sections. Danjiangkou cascade has significantly affected the water temperature of downstream,while Wangfuzhou and Cuijiaying cascade has no significant effect on the water temperature of downstream reaches.