赶超式富强中的国家与个人——基于新生活运动的考察

Nation and Individual Relationship in the Catch- up Pattern of Searching Wealth and Power——Based on the Study of the New Life Movement

在"救亡"压倒"启蒙"的现实压力下,近代中国追求富强的路径经历了由强调启蒙个体的"渐进式富强"向依靠国家权力改造社会的"赶超式富强"的转向。发起于1934年的新生活运动是赶超式富强模式的首次实践。在这场运动中,作为发起人的蒋介石试图利用国家权力全面规训个人生活,以达到"复兴民族、改造社会、报仇雪耻"的富强目标,然而新生活运动的实际效果却与其初衷相去甚远。国家与个人关系是分析近代中国寻求富强路径变迁的重要视角,也是解释新生活运动"赶超式富强"尝试为何落空的关键因素。

When salvation overwhelmed enlightenment,the path of searching wealth and power changed from the gradually- advanced pattern to the catch- up pattern which is mainly on national power to transform society. The New Life Movement launched in 1934 was the first practice of the catch- up pattern.In the campaign,Chiang Kai- shek,as the sponsor of the movement,tried to discipline personal life through the national power so as to achieve the aim of national rejuvenation,social transformation and taking revenge for insult. However,the actual effect of the New Life Movement was disappointing. Therefore the relationship between nation and individual is an important perspective to analyze the change of path to pursue wealth and power and also it gives an explanation to the failure of the New Life Movement.