论强奸案件被害人品格证据的可采性

On the Admissibility of the Rape Victim's Character Evidence

品格证据规则作为基本证据规则长期存在于英美的刑事诉讼实践中,其核心在于避免刑事审判中不公正的偏见对案件客观事实的发现造成不利影响,但由于此项制度的矛盾性与复杂性,对其争议颇多。美国刑事诉讼中长期存在的"强奸盾牌条款",对强奸案件中被害人品格名声采用了有限可采的办法,即一般不采用,但存在例外规定。基于证据性质、被害人保护等诸多因素,我国应该明确强奸案件中被害人品格证据不具有可采性。

As the basic evidential rules,the character evidence has been existing in Britain and American criminal practice for a long time,which is mainly to avoid the adverse effects on the discovery of the objective facts caused by the unfair prejudice in the criminal trial. Unfortunately,the contradiction and complexity of this system lead to a lot of controversy. The Rape Shield Clause in American criminal procedure law regulates that in the sex offence cases,the situation that the victim＇s character and reputation can be accepted as the evidence remains an exception. Thus,based on the nature of evidence,the protection for victims and many other factors,Chinese criminal procedure law should specify that victim＇s character evidence in rape cases will not be admissible.