从《清水江文书》看清代至民国时期清水江民族地区租佃制度的特征

The Characteristics of Tenancy System in Ethnic Areas of Qingshui jiang from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

《清水江文书》收录的清代至民国时期租佃契约契式类型多样。清代以来以锦屏为中心的清水江地区已经普遍建立了土地租佃契约制度,其地租形态主要包括实物分成制、实物定额制和固定货币制。清代至民国时期,土地是民间一宗重要的私有财产,锦屏民间的土地并不集中在少数人手里,而是分散在为数众多的人手里,同时土地多头共有关系普遍,地主与佃户之间也存在着多头关系,佃户的来源以当地世居农民为主。

Qingshuijiang document includes several patterns of tenancy contracts from Qing dynasty to the republic China. From Qing dynasty,the land of tenancy system was established in Qingshuijiang area,which involved physical sharecropping,real quotas,and fixed currency system. From the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China,land was an important private property which was managed by the majority of residents,therefore,there existed complicated relationships between landlord and tenants.