第三人撤销之诉撤销对象研究——以《〈民事诉讼法〉解释》第296、297条为中心

On the Object to Be Revoked in the Recession Litigation Proposed by Third Parties——Focusing on Articles 296 and 297 in the Interpretation for the Application of the Civil Procedure Law

《民事诉讼法解释》第296条和第297条分别从裁判文书的内容以及适用案件类型的角度界定了第三人撤销之诉的撤销对象。在既有司法实践条件下,适用第三人撤销之诉的案件类型应当"从严把握",待理论准备和配套制度相对成熟时,可以考虑从立法和司法适用上赋予法官更大的自由裁量权。撤销对象内容的界定则应以既判力消极作用、积极作用以及预决效力等制度功能的有序区分作为基础,并契合第三人撤销之诉的立法目的与性质。

Articles 296 and 297 of the Interpretation for the application of the Civil Procedure Law have defined the object to be revoked by third parties from two aspects such as the content of the judgment and the type of cases. In consideration of the current judicial practice,such type of cases should be ＂rigorously determined＂,and only when theoretical preparation and pertinent system are relatively mature can judged be conferred with more discretion in both legislative and judicial application. The content of the object to be revoked should be orderly specified based on the positive effect and negative effect of the binding effect of judgment as well as the effect of prejudgment. In the meanwhile,the legislative purpose and features of the recession litigation proposed by third parties should also be seriously considered.