精神病专科医院医务人员职业倦怠现况调查

Job Burnout on Psychiatric Hospital Medical Staff

目的:了解精神科医务人员的职业倦怠水平、分布情况和社会支持对职业倦怠的影响,为防控精神科医务人员职业倦怠提供参考资料。方法:通过对西安市二级及以上精神病专科医院347名医务人员整群抽样调查,采用工作倦怠问卷和社会支持评定量表测定医务人员的职业倦怠水平和获得的社会支持情况。结果:情感衰竭(20.50±7.60)分,人格解体(9.93±4.94)分,成就感降低(24.65±6.04)分。倦怠检出率:轻度倦怠162人(46.69%),中度倦怠131人(37.75%),重度倦怠42人(12.10%)。男性在人格解体维度得分高于女性(t=-2.99,P<0.05);各年龄段间人格解体维度得分差异具有统计学意义(F=3.91,P<0.01);护士在情感衰竭(F=3.49,P<0.01)、人格解体维度(F=4.22,P<0.01)得分与医生和医技人员有统计学意义。医生客观支持得分与护士、医技人员差异有统计学意义(F=5.93,P<0.01),社会支持的3个维度与人格解体呈显著负相关(r=-0.16^-0.22,P<0.01),与成就感降低呈显著正相关(r=0.18~0.22,P<0.01)。结论:精神科医务人员职业倦怠显著,男性和护理人员突出,需要增加社会支持以改善精神科医务人员的职业倦怠情况。

Objective：To investigate the job burnout of psychiatric medical staff,distribution and the influence of social support on job burnout,and provide a reference for prevention and control psychiatric job burnout among med-ical staff.Methods：Cluster sampling survey on 347 medical staff in Xi＇an secondary and above psychiatric hospital through job burnout questionnaire and social support rating scale.Results：Emotional exhaustion scored（20.50±7.60） points,depersonalization scored（9.93±4.94）points,a sense of achievement lower scored（24.65±6.04）points.162 people had mild burnout,,accounting for 46.69%,131（37.75%）moderate burnout,42（12.10%）severe burnout.De-personalization dimension scores of male was higher than that of female（t=-2.99,P〈0.05）;Depersonalization di-mension score differences between each age group showed statistical significance（F=3.91,P〈0.01）.Emotional ex-haustion（F=3.49,P〈0.01）,depersonalization dimension（F=4.22,P〈0.01）scores of nurses showed statistically significant with doctors and technicians.Obj ective support scores of doctors showed statistically significant with nur-ses and technicians（P〈0.01）.The three dimension of social support had negative correlation with depersonalization （r=-0.16^-0.22,P〈0.01）and significantly positive correlation with a sense of achievement reduce（r=0.18~0.22,P〈0.01）.Conclusion：Job burnout among psychiatric medical staff is prominent,especially the male and the nursing staff,more social support is necessary to improve psychiatric medical staff job burnout situation.