吐鲁番市主要河流灌区土壤盐渍化及速效养分特征

Soil salinization and available nutrients of major rivers irrigation in Turpan City

本研究对吐鲁番市的4条河流(大河沿河、塔尔朗河、煤窑沟和黑沟)灌区农田土壤进行了土样分析,测得土壤电导率和土壤总盐、主要离子含量和土壤养分含量,分析了土壤盐渍化类型、程度;土壤盐分与主要离子之间的相关关系;每条河流不同空间的土壤含盐量;不同灌溉水影响的土壤养分组成。结果表明,研究区土壤呈现不同盐渍化趋势,土壤盐分由上而下运动的过程中,以SO_4^(2-)最为活跃,CI^-次之,HCO_3^-和CO_3^-的淋溶速率最慢,吐鲁番市土壤含盐量高低与各离子含量大小有密切的关系,土壤盐分的空间分布因地势不同而有区别,4条河流灌溉区土壤盐渍化类型主要为硫酸盐盐渍土,以河水灌溉为主土壤速效养分含量不及以坎儿井水灌溉为主的土壤速效养分含量高。

This paper analyzed the soil samples of the irrigation areas farmland of four rivers（ Daheyan River,Taerlan River,Meiyao Ditch and Black Ditch） of Turpan city,obtained the soil electric conductivity and total salt of soil,major ion content and soil nutrition content,and analyzed the soil salinization types and degrees,the correlation of soil salinity and major ions,the soil salinity of different spatial of each river,the soil nutrition composition affected by different irrigation water. The results show the soil in the research areas presents different salination trends; in the movement process of soil salinity from the top to the bottom,SO_4^（2-） is the most active,CI-comes the second,HCO_3^- and CO_3^- have the slowest leaching rate; the soil salinity of Turpan city soil has close correlation with the ion content; the soil salinity spatial distribution varies because of the difference of terrain; the salinization type of the irrigation areas of the four rivers is mostly sulfate saline soil; and the content of soil available nutrients of river water irrigated soil is lower than that of the karez well water irrigated soil.