灌溉方式、生物碳和有机肥对温室土壤碳及酶活性的影响

Effects of Irrigation Mods,Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Carbon Content and Soil Enzyme Activity in Greenhouse

在日光温室中通过施用鸡粪、蚯蚓粪2种有机肥及添加生物碳,采用滴灌和漫灌2种灌溉模式研究不同的施肥和灌溉模式对土壤碳和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：1有机肥的施用提高了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性,但只有Q＋C＋D处理提高了34.6%土壤纤维素酶的活性,其他处理则降低了土壤纤维素酶的活性。生物碳的加入提高了土壤脲酶的活性,对其他酶的影响不一。滴灌提高了J＋C＋D处理40.6%脲酶活性和J＋D处理20.3%的磷酸酶活性,对其他处理没有显著影响。2有机肥的施用提高了土壤硝态氮的含量,其中J＋C＋D处理的硝态氮含量最高,达50.5 mg·kg-1,相同施肥处理中滴灌也显著提高了土壤硝态氮的含量。3施用有机肥后显著提高了土壤的TC、TOC、WSTC、WSOC含量,较对照分别提高了5.0%~36.3%、11.8%~63.9%、5.2%~48.8%、5.6%~46.5%。生物碳的加入也提高了土壤TC、TOC、WSTC、WSOC含量。漫灌显著降低了J＋C＋M处理土壤TC、TOC、WSTC、WSOC含量。4土壤WSTC与土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶活性都达到了显著的正相关,而WSOC只与土壤脲酶活性有显著的相关关系。土壤IC与纤维素酶、磷酸酶活性达到了显著的负相关。

In greenhouse,two kinds of organic fertilizer including chicken manure and vermicompost and biochar were applied,and drip irrigation and flood irrigation were used so as to research the effects of different fertilization and irrigation modes on soil carbon content and soil enzyme activity. The results are as follows： 1 fertilization of organic fertilizers could improve the activity of soil urease,phosphatase and catalase,however,the soil cellulose activity could be increased by 34. 6% only with the Q ＋ C ＋ D treatment,and it was decreased by other treatments.Soil urease activity was increased by applying biochar,but the effects of biochar on other enzymes were different.Soil urease activity under the J ＋ C ＋ D treatment was increased by 40. 6% and the phosphatase activity under the J ＋ D treatment was increased by 20. 3% due to the application of drip irrigation. There was no significant effect of drip irrigation on other treatments; 2 Fertilization of organic fertilizers increased the content of soil nitrate nitrogen,in which the content of soil nitrate nitrogen under the J ＋ C ＋ D treatment was the highest（ 50. 5 mg·kg- 1）.Drip irrigation also increased significantly the content of soil nitrate nitrogen under the same fertilization treatments;3 The contents of soil TC,TOC,WSTC and WSOC were increased by 5. 0%- 36. 3%,11. 8%- 63. 9%,5. 2%-48. 8% and 5. 6%- 46. 5% respectively comparing with CK due to the fertilization of organic manure. The contents of soil TC,TOC,WSTC and WSOC were also increased by applying biochar. Flood irrigation decreased significantly the contents of soil TC,TOC,WSTC and WSOC under J ＋ C ＋ D treatment; 4 There was the significant positive correlation between soil soluble total carbon content and soil urease,catalase and cellulose activity,and only a significant correlation between soil soluble organic carbon content and soil urease activity. There was a significant negative correlation between soil inorganic carbon content and phosphatase and cellulose activity.