陈抟的先天《易》学思想探析

An Investigation and Analysis of Chen Tuan's Xian Tian I Ching Studies

华山高隐陈抟(872-989)早年儒服,壮岁慕道,晚年入道,唯一不变的是对《易》的爱好。陈抟的《易》学受《周易》经传、《易纬》的影响,除了有对儒学自身的发掘,更涵摄老学与佛学的思想与范畴,在象数领域进一步开拓了《易》学的视野。《先天太极图>是陈抟创制的著名《易》图之一,是由先天八卦与《阴阳鱼太极图》组合而成的。由《京兆府广慈禅院新修瑞象记》的存在,证实了陈抟确实有着先天八卦卦图思想,这也意谓着陈抟在先天八卦的发展上是关键的角色。《先天太极图》承袭《参同契》以乾坤为南北,离坎为东西,《参同契》以乾坤为人身之象,乾为首,坤为腹,坎离为水火之说,以喻身中之药物,因此,《先天太极图》是用来表示炼丹的过程。陈抟先天之学是作为丹道炼养学理之依据。

Chen Tuan（872-989）,a legendary Daoist sage living in Mt.Hua,who was conversant with the Confucianism at an early age,took interest in Taoism in midlife,and devoted himself entirely to Taoism in his later years.Chen Tuan＇s enthusiasm for I Chinghad never changed.I Chingand I Wei had strong influences on Chen Tuan＇s I Chingstudies.Aside from investigations into Confucianism,Chen Tuan＇s I Chingstudies not only involve thoughts of Laozi and Buddhism,but also broaden new horizons of I Chingin the field of Pattern-Number.＂Xian Tian Tai Ji Tu,＂one of Chen Tuan＇s famous creations,consists of Xian Tian Ba Gua and＂Yin Yang Yu Tai Ji Tu.＂Through Jing Zhao Fu Guang Ci Chan Yuan Xin Xiu Rui Xiang Ji,we confirm Chen Tuan＇s thought of Xian Tian Ba Gua,which means Chen Tuan plays a vital part in the development of Xian Tian Ba Gua.Following Can Tong Qi,＂Xian Tian Tai Ji Tu＂uses Qian and Kun as north and south,Li and Kan as east and west.Can Tong Qi takes Qian and Kun as the symbols of the human body,which means the head and the abdomen respectively,and Kan and Li as water and fire to symbolize medicine in the human body.Therefore,＂Xian Tian Tai Ji Tu＂is used to show the inner alchemical processes.Chen Tuan＇s Xian Tian I Chingstudies are the basis of the inner alchemy.