宋代湖南诗僧地域、宗派分布与存诗类型分析

The Study on Spatial and Sects Distribution and Poem Types of the Poem-writing Buddhist Monks in Song Dynasty in Hunan

通过数量统计与分析,可以从籍贯、寓寺、宗派、存诗等方面描述宋代湖南诗僧的基本态势。就地域分布而言,宋代湖南诗僧中寓湘诗僧远多于湘籍诗僧,且大多集中寓寺于潭州的长沙与衡山,籍贯与寓寺分布都极不平衡;在宗派方面,几乎所有可考诗僧皆为禅僧,且绝大多数属于临济宗;在诗歌类型方面,所存诗歌以佛门偈颂为主,真正的"文人诗"很有限,推衍至全宋,表明宋代诗僧虽有"士大夫化"倾向,但总体来说仍不离僧徒本位。

Based on data statistics and analysis,the article describes the overall picture of poem-writing Buddhist monks in Song Dynasty in Hunan from the perspectives of native places,temples,sect and existing poems.In the spatial aspect,outsiders are much more than natives in the poem-writing Buddhist monks,and most of them lived in the temples of Changsha and Hengshan of Tanzhou,which indicates their distribution of native places and living places are quite unbalanced.In the sect aspect,almost all of the poem-writing Buddhist monks belong to zen,and many of them are Linji Sect.In the poem writing aspect,most of the existing poems are Buddhist hymns and odes,while truely literati poems were limited.Inferring to Song Dynasty,it means that,to certain extent,poem-writing Buddhist monks in Song Dynasty played the role like literati,but they were writing as monks most of the time.