经典世界的心学化解读——以王阳明龙场悟道与《五经臆说》的撰写为中心

Interpreting Classics according to Mind:Focusing on Wang Yangming's Longchang Enlightenment and His Wujing Yishuo

龙场大彻大悟后,王阳明遂默记《五经》以求相互印证,这可视为一种以个人体悟与"圣言量"互察互照,即主观和客观相互勘验以求自我定位的重要方法,它代表了经典世界与心性世界在价值论上的契合,体现了经典心学化解读的历史发展新趋势。《五经臆说》成于龙场悟道之后不久,暗含有强烈的政治关怀。而阳明反复强调的"《六经》即心之纪籍"、"《六经》即心之常道"、"尊经即是尊道",则体现了一个时代学术思想的脉律跳动,反映了心学运动解经典范的重新建立。直到晚近,这一心学思想仍发出极大的声光回响,成为人类寻找安身立命之道必须时时回顾的重要精神经验和思想传统。

After his sudden enlightenment at Long Chang, Wang Yangming transcribed his memory of The Five Classics in order to check whether his understanding and what was contained in The Five Classics were in agreement with each other. This can be regarded as an important approach to a just self evaluation：making one＇s personal understanding and the words of the sages mirror each other. Such a method can also be seen as a way to check the subjective against the objective and vice versa. Wang＇s approach to the classics indicated an agreement in values between the world described by the classics and a person＇s inner world and opened a new chapter in interpreting the classics according to one＇s mind. Because of his enlightenment, his important work Wujing yishuo 五经臆说（Opinions on The Five Classics）soon came into being. Although in this book he showed a strong political care, what he emphasized repeatedly was the following： The Six Classics were a true record of human mind; The Six Classics were the embodiment of the innate principles in human mind;and following the classics was to follow the principles. All this displayed the scholarly dynamics of a particular age, showing how the paradigm of interpreting the classics according to one＇s mind was restored. Until the modern times, Wang＇s philosophy of mind was still very influential and thus forms an important philosophical experience and tradition to which we can resort when we seek for the approach to a principled life.