工作场所化学物职业危害风险评估方法的建立与应用

Establishment and Application of Risk Assessment Method for Chemical Hazards at Workplace

[目的]初步建立一种对工作场所固有的化学物职业危害风险进行评估的方法。[方法]根据化学物职业危害风险评估的基本要求,参考国内外职业危害风险评估相关标准、规范以及多个不同类型、不同规模生产企业职业卫生现场调查结果,建立工作场所化学物危害等级、暴露等级、防护措施等级的评估原则,然后确定工作场所化学物职业危害风险分级原则。方法建立后,通过实例应用,对其科学性进行分析。[结果]本次研究的方法综合考虑工作场所化学物危害程度、暴露程度和防护措施作用;工作场所化学物职业危害风险可分为4级,分别为相对无风险、低风险、中等风险、高风险;根据不同水平的风险等级,分别采取相应的行动防范职业危害风险。运用此方法对某拟建项目固有的化学物职业危害风险进行评估,风险水平为低风险。[结论]本次研究的方法可用于评估工作场所固有的化学物职业危害风险,评估结果可为企业采取化学物职业危害控制措施提供科学依据。

[ Objective ] To initially establish an assessment method for inherent risk of occupational hazards at workplace exposed to chemicals. [ Methods ] The assessment principles of hazard level, exposure level, and protective measure level were established according to the basic requirements of risk assessment for chemical hazards, domestic and foreign risk assessment standards for occupational hazards risk assessments, and occupational health investigation results in several production enterprises of different types and scales. Then the risk classification principles of occupational hazards at workplace exposed to chemicals were determined. Whether the method was scientific was validated through its application. [ Results ] The method considered chemical hazard levels, exposure levels, and protective measures together. The risks of occupational hazards at workplace exposed to chemicals were classified into four levels： relative null, low, medium, and high. Appropriate actions would be taken to prevent occupational hazards according to different risk levels. Then the method was applied to assess inherent risk of occupational hazards of a proposed project containing chemicals exposure, and the risk level was identified as low. [ Conclusion ] The method could be applied to assess inherent risk of occupational hazards at workplace exposed to chemicals, and the assessment results could provide a scientific basis for enterprises to take control measures against chemical hazards.