基于新型固态电解质的锂硫电池研究进展

Progress of Li-S Batteries Based on Solid Electrolyte

相对于传统的锂离子二次电池,锂硫电池拥有高比容量、高能量密度、环境友好等优点,因而在未来的动力电池和储能电池等应用上被寄予厚望.近十年来,人们在维持电极结构稳定性,提高硫的利用率,延长电池循环寿命等方面开展了大量的研究工作.但目前锂硫电池仍处于实验室研制阶段,存在不少的瓶颈问题,其中包括单质硫和产物Li2S的绝缘性、多硫离子的穿梭效应、金属锂电极稳定性较差等等,这些问题都严重影响了锂硫电池的电化学表现.本文针对以上问题,首先从正极、负极、液态电解质三方面简单介绍常用的解决途径;然后重点综述基于新型固态电解质的锂硫电池设计以及相关的研究进展;最后分析了未来锂硫电池用电解质的研究和发展方向.

With the increasing demand for electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage, Li-S batteries have become attractive candidates beyond conventional lithium-ion batteries thanks to their high theoretical specific capacity, high energy density, environment friendliness and cost effectiveness. In the past decade, intensive research has been devoted to improve the structural stability, increase the usage of sulfur, and prolong the battery life; however, a few bottleneck problems-the insulation of S and Li2 S product, the ＂shuttle mechanism＂, the instability of Li anode- still limit the Li-S batteries on the lab bench. To address these critical issues, a significant amount of efforts have been dedicated to the improvement of S cathode and Li anode; this review, on the other hand, aims on novel lithium ion electrolyte that is essentially an indispensible part for designing and building a successful Li-S battery. Several directions are identified as prospective strategies for future study in the field of lithium ion electrolyte.