DNA条形码在入侵植物鉴定中的应用进展

Progress in the use of DNA barcoding in invasive plants identification

生物入侵对世界经济、环境造成了巨大的影响,已经成为世界关注的焦点。传统的海关检验方法存在鉴定缓慢、准确率低、鉴定专家稀缺等问题,因此急需一种鉴定率高、操作简单和快速的方法对入侵植物的繁殖体进行精确的鉴别。DNA条形码是一种基于DNA序列差异进行物种鉴定的技术,鉴定结果只受样品组织内DNA保存状况影响,不受形态学性状保存状态影响,只需掌握简单分子生物学技术的工作人员即可实现对未知样品的鉴定,在入侵植物检疫鉴定中有很大的应用潜力。根据入侵植物进化快、变异多的特点,可优先考虑种间、种内差异度高的ITS基因作为核心条形码,再以mat K和rbc L基因为辅助条形码。本文分析了植物DNA条形码技术及其衍生出的超级DNA条形码和metabarcoding技术在入侵植物鉴定中的应用潜力,提出构建入侵植物DNA条形码参考数据库与智能植物志(i Flora)相结合,为利用DNA条形码技术对入侵植物进行快速鉴定和相关研究提供参考。

Biological invasion, which has caused huge economic losses and severe environmental disruption, has become an interna- tional challenge. Traditional methods of customs inspection has several potential problems, ranging from inefficient sampling strate- gy, low accuracy, and a lack of specialists, all of which can create opportunities for biological invasion. The technology of identif- ying species based on DNA differences, the results of DNA barcoding may provide a useful addition to the inspection toolkit. Identifi- cation does not depend on morphology but on the quality of the isolated DNA ; the process requires molecular biological techniques that are becoming more and more simple. Consequently, these methods will have a huge potential in customs inspection of invasive plants. Considering the complex evolution and variation in plants, the internal transcribed spacer （ITS） with great differences within or between species is suggested as the basis of barcoding supplemented by two chloroplast genes： rnatK and rbcL. The database of DNA barcode of alien invasive plants based on DNA barcoding, extended uhra-barcoding, and meta-barcoding combined with iFlora will be a good new method to the fast identification of invasive plants.